中国海商法年刊
中國海商法年刊
중국해상법년간
ANNUAL OF CHINA MARITIME LAW
2011年
4期
70-77
,共8页
转租收入%留置权%债权让与%《中华人民共和国海商法》%《中华人民共和国合同法》
轉租收入%留置權%債權讓與%《中華人民共和國海商法》%《中華人民共和國閤同法》
전조수입%류치권%채권양여%《중화인민공화국해상법》%《중화인민공화국합동법》
earnings from the sub-charter%lien%transference of creditor＇s rights%Maritime Code of the P.R.China%Contract Law of the P.R.China
《中华人民共和国海商法》第141条规定的出租人对承租人转租船舶收入的＂留置权＂,由于缺乏＂占有＂要件而无法有效成立。借鉴英国法经验,提出这一权利在中国法中是一种特别法下的＂债权让与＂行为,应适用《中华人民共和国合同法》的相关规定。租船合同中的＂留置权条款＂应解释为承租人作为让与人,将收取转租合同下的运费或租金之债权转让给作为受让人的出租人,出租人得向次承租人发出支付转租运费或租金的通知,以清偿承租人原合同下所欠付的租金。在债权＂二重让与＂的情形下,中国宜采纳＂通知对抗主义＂的立法模式,即以向债务人发出通知的时间来确定何者取得债权。
《中華人民共和國海商法》第141條規定的齣租人對承租人轉租船舶收入的＂留置權＂,由于缺乏＂佔有＂要件而無法有效成立。藉鑒英國法經驗,提齣這一權利在中國法中是一種特彆法下的＂債權讓與＂行為,應適用《中華人民共和國閤同法》的相關規定。租船閤同中的＂留置權條款＂應解釋為承租人作為讓與人,將收取轉租閤同下的運費或租金之債權轉讓給作為受讓人的齣租人,齣租人得嚮次承租人髮齣支付轉租運費或租金的通知,以清償承租人原閤同下所欠付的租金。在債權＂二重讓與＂的情形下,中國宜採納＂通知對抗主義＂的立法模式,即以嚮債務人髮齣通知的時間來確定何者取得債權。
《중화인민공화국해상법》제141조규정적출조인대승조인전조선박수입적＂류치권＂,유우결핍＂점유＂요건이무법유효성립。차감영국법경험,제출저일권리재중국법중시일충특별법하적＂채권양여＂행위,응괄용《중화인민공화국합동법》적상관규정。조선합동중적＂류치권조관＂응해석위승조인작위양여인,장수취전조합동하적운비혹조금지채권전양급작위수양인적출조인,출조인득향차승조인발출지부전조운비혹조금적통지,이청상승조인원합동하소흠부적조금。재채권＂이중양여＂적정형하,중국의채납＂통지대항주의＂적입법모식,즉이향채무인발출통지적시간래학정하자취득채권。
The owner＇s lien on earnings from the sub-charter,which is presented in Article 141 of Maritime Code of the P.R.China,cannot be exercised effectively since the earnings can never be regarded as being in the possession of the owner.By using the experience of English law for reference,this paper holds that the captioned right is a kind of special transference of creditor＇s rights in accordance with the legal system of China,which is regulated by the Contract Law of the P.R.China.The nature of Lien Clause in the charter party is that the charterer as an assignor transfers the right of collecting the freight or hire to the owner as a consignee.Therefore,in order to satisfy the charterer＇s debts under head c/p,the owner can demand the sub-charterer（debtor） to pay off directly with the sub-charterer receiving the notice of transferring.In the case of successive assignment of the same right,to the author＇s view,the consignee can obtain the right who sent a notice to the debtor at first,which should be a better choice to China legislation.
