CAJ | 학술논문

为确定苍耳Xanthium sibiricum对昆虫活性最高的部位,测试了苍耳不同器官(果实、叶、茎和根)甲醇提取物对几种重要十字花科蔬菜害虫(包括小菜蛾Plutella xylostella,菜青虫Pieris rapae,桃蚜Myzus persicae和萝卜蚜Lipaphis erysimi)的拒食活性、产卵忌避活性或忌避活性.结果表明,苍耳的主要活性部位为地上部分,尤其是叶和果实,其次是茎,根的活性最低.拒食活性测试中,苍耳叶提取物对菜青虫最强,在所测试的浓度下,处理后24 h的选择性拒食率高达99.07%;对小菜蛾幼虫的拒食作用以果实和叶提取物最强,选择性拒食率分别高达82.87%和73.42%.产卵忌避/忌避活性最强的是苍耳叶提取物,处理后24 h对小菜蛾成虫的选择性产卵忌避率达88.57%,对萝卜蚜和桃蚜的选择性忌避率分别为83.01%和62.50%,同时,苍耳果实提取物对小菜蛾、桃蚜和萝卜蚜的产卵忌避/忌避活性明显高于茎和根提取物.基于苍耳叶和果实提取韧对害虫强烈的拒食、产卵忌避或忌避活性,有可能作为植物保护剂配方应用于害虫的综合治理策略中.
위학정창이Xanthium sibiricum대곤충활성최고적부위,측시료창이불동기관(과실、협、경화근)갑순제취물대궤충중요십자화과소채해충(포괄소채아Plutella xylostella,채청충Pieris rapae,도아Myzus persicae화라복아Lipaphis erysimi)적거식활성、산란기피활성혹기피활성.결과표명,창이적주요활성부위위지상부분,우기시협화과실,기차시경,근적활성최저.거식활성측시중,창이협제취물대채청충최강,재소측시적농도하,처리후24 h적선택성거식솔고체99.07%;대소채아유충적거식작용이과실화협제취물최강,선택성거식솔분별고체82.87%화73.42%.산란기피/기피활성최강적시창이협제취물,처리후24 h대소채아성충적선택성산란기피솔체88.57%,대라복아화도아적선택성기피솔분별위83.01%화62.50%,동시,창이과실제취물대소채아、도아화라복아적산란기피/기피활성명현고우경화근제취물.기우창이협화과실제취인대해충강렬적거식、산란기피혹기피활성,유가능작위식물보호제배방응용우해충적종합치리책략중.
Antifeedant, and oviposition or inhabiting ( settling) deterrent effects of methanol extracts from the fruit, leaf, stem and root of Xanthium sibiricum is investigated in a laboratory setting using different bioassays, aim at determining which part extracts is more effective on the four key insect pests of crucifers, including Plutella xylostella, Pieris rapae, Myzus persicae and Lipaphis erysimi. Antifeedant effects are examined in the larva of P. xylostella and P. rapae, using leaf disc choice bioassays, in addition to oviposition deterrent effects of adult P. xylostella using a fresh leaf disc choice bioassay, and inhabiting deterrent effects of L. erysimi and M. persicae using half-leaf choice bioassays. The results show that the leaf extracts show the highest antifeedant rate overall for P. rapae, with the most effective antifeedant rate of 99.07% , and fruit extracts prove the highest antifeedant rate for P. xylostella with a rate of 82. 87% , while the most effective oviposition deterrent rate, derived from leaf extracts, is a deterrent rate of 88.57% for P. xylostella. The most effective inhabiting deterrent rate is also recorded from leaf extracts for L. erysimi, 83. 01% and 62. 50% for M. persicae. Extracts from X. sibiricum fruit presented a more potent oviposition and inhabiting deterrent for the three insects, than did either stem or root extracts. Based on their antifeedant, and oviposition deterrent and inhabiting deterrent properties, the active components from X. sibiricum show the potential to be used as alternative crop protectant against a number of pest species.