CAJ | 학술논문

未尽利用热带水果,即在当地消费和医用的非贸易热带水果,未普及化,生长于野外,季节性强,但富含多酚类化合物、类胡萝卜素、花青素、脂肪酸、矿物质和氨基酸,因而具有一定的开发潜力.在马来西亚,热带水果丰富多样,主要有普通水果、观赏水果、特有水果、野生水果和高地水果,但大部分水果都未能充分利用,其中,典型的有罗望子、巴杖果、砂拉越芒果、钮扣山竹、榴莲、莲雾、挂尼芒果、野红毛丹和蛇皮果.这些水果可以分为3个类型:具有贸易开发潜力的主要包括无花果(Ficus sp.)、罗望子(Garcinia atroviridis)、尖必达(Artocarpus integer)、鲜花木果(Lepisanthes alata)、野榴莲(Durio sp.)、橄榄木(Spondias cytherea)、菠萝蜜(Artocarpus heterophullus)、槟榔(Areca catechu)、野红毛丹(Nephelium ramboutan-ake)、蛇皮果(Salacca zalacca)和面包果(Artocarpus altilis);具有适于当地人们利用潜力的水果种类包括木胡瓜(Averrhoe bilimbi)、榔拜果(Baccaurea motteyana)、单贝果Baccaurea macrocarpa)、喃喃果属(Cynometra cauliflora)、西柚(Dialum indum)、黄肉榴莲(Durio kutejensis)、野生山竹(Garcinia hombroiniana)、野檬果(Garcinia parvifolia)、巴杖果(Mangifera feotida)、醋栗(Phyllanthus emblica)、蒲桃(Syzygium jambos);不具有经济利用开发潜力的水果种类包括哥露比(Salacca conferta)、青枣(Zizyphus mauritiana)、木奶果属(Baccaurea polyneura)、野檬果(Garcinia parvifolia)、番龙眼(Pometia sp.)、赤才果(Leppisanthes rubiginosa)、波漆果(Bouea microphylla)、蛋黄果(Pouteria campechiana)和仙都果(Sandoricum koetjape).目前,有关未尽利用水果研究仍处于初期阶段,有必要使这些水果更为普及并得到有效利用,因此,政府和私人组织须采取一些措施以促进这些水果的消费.今后需对这些水果的营养成分、抗氧化作用以及疗效进行深入研究.
미진이용열대수과,즉재당지소비화의용적비무역열대수과,미보급화,생장우야외,계절성강,단부함다분류화합물、류호라복소、화청소、지방산、광물질화안기산,인이구유일정적개발잠력.재마래서아,열대수과봉부다양,주요유보통수과、관상수과、특유수과、야생수과화고지수과,단대부분수과도미능충분이용,기중,전형적유라망자、파장과、사랍월망과、뉴구산죽、류련、련무、괘니망과、야홍모단화사피과.저사수과가이분위3개류형:구유무역개발잠력적주요포괄무화과(Ficus sp.)、라망자(Garcinia atroviridis)、첨필체(Artocarpus integer)、선화목과(Lepisanthes alata)、야류련(Durio sp.)、감람목(Spondias cytherea)、파라밀(Artocarpus heterophullus)、빈랑(Areca catechu)、야홍모단(Nephelium ramboutan-ake)、사피과(Salacca zalacca)화면포과(Artocarpus altilis);구유괄우당지인문이용잠력적수과충류포괄목호과(Averrhoe bilimbi)、랑배과(Baccaurea motteyana)、단패과Baccaurea macrocarpa)、남남과속(Cynometra cauliflora)、서유(Dialum indum)、황육류련(Durio kutejensis)、야생산죽(Garcinia hombroiniana)、야몽과(Garcinia parvifolia)、파장과(Mangifera feotida)、작률(Phyllanthus emblica)、포도(Syzygium jambos);불구유경제이용개발잠력적수과충류포괄가로비(Salacca conferta)、청조(Zizyphus mauritiana)、목내과속(Baccaurea polyneura)、야몽과(Garcinia parvifolia)、번용안(Pometia sp.)、적재과(Leppisanthes rubiginosa)、파칠과(Bouea microphylla)、단황과(Pouteria campechiana)화선도과(Sandoricum koetjape).목전,유관미진이용수과연구잉처우초기계단,유필요사저사수과경위보급병득도유효이용,인차,정부화사인조직수채취일사조시이촉진저사수과적소비.금후수대저사수과적영양성분、항양화작용이급료효진행심입연구.
Some non commercial seasonal and wild tropical fruits in Malaysia are less popular and sometimes grown locally for consumption and medicinal purposes. Their potential for rich polyphenolic compounds, carotenoids, anthocyanins, fatty acids, minerals, and amino acids is yet to be explored by the scientists. Malaysia has a rich diversity of tropical fruits which includes common, ornamental, rare, wild and highland fruits, but most of the indigenous fruits are considered to be underutilized. Typical underutilized fruits available in Malaysia are Asam, Bacang, Bambangan, Cerapu, Durian, Jambu, Kuini, Pulasan and Salak. These underutilized fruits are classified into 3 categories: species with potential for commercial development which mainly include Ara (Ficus sp.), Asam Gelugor (Garcinia atroviridis), Cempedak (Artocarpus integer), Ceri (Lepisanthes alata), Durian Hutan (Durio sp.), Kedondong/great hog plum (Spondias cytherea), Nangka/jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophullus), Pinang (Areca catechu), Pulasan (Nephelium ramboutan-ake), Salak (Salacca zalacca) and Sukun/breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis); species with possible development potential for local uses include Averrhoe bilimbi, Baccaurea motteyana, Baccaurea macrocrpa, Cynometra cauliflora, Dialum indum, Durio kutejensis,Garcinia hombroiniana, Garcinia parvifolia, Mangifera feotida, Phyllanthus emblica, Syzygium jambos; and species without current development potential for economic uses include Asam Kelubi (Salacca conferta), Bidara/Indian jujube (Zizyphus mauritiana), Jentik-Jentik (Baccaurea polyneura), Kundang (Garcinia parvifolia), Lengeng (Pometia sp.), Mertajam (Lepisanthes rubiginosa), Remia (Bouea microphylla), Sapote (Pouteria campechiana) and Sentol (Sandoricum koetjape). At present, the research on underutilized fruits is in nascent stage. There is definitely a need to make these fruits more popular and commonly available. Therefore, promotional campaign by government and private organizations for consumption of these underutilized fruits is need of the present time. Further studies are required to exploit their nutritional composition, antioxidant capability and therapeutic properties．