CAJ | 학술논문

目的评定长沙市公众精神卫生和精神疾病预防知识的知晓情况.方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,选取长沙市辖区随机抽取的2个城市社区和2个农村社区的1 660户家庭.从15岁及以上的家庭成员中随机抽取1人进行访谈,完成卫生部推荐的精神卫生知晓率标准问卷(20项)调查.结果 1 563人完成有效问卷调查,其中男性676人,女性887人,平均年龄(标准差)为41.9(15.9)岁.平均(标准差)应答正确率为68.5%(46.4%),城市社区平均(标准差)应答正确率[70.5 %(13.6%)]高于农村社区应答正确率[66.2%13.5%)](t=6.18,p<0.001).正确应答率与年龄负相关(r=-0.21,p<0.001),与文化程度正相关(r=0.28,p<0.001),与职业和婚姻状态的差异呈多样相关性.采用逐步回归分析发现文化程度、年龄和职业(农民或工人与其他职业比较)为精神卫生知晓率的独立相关因素.问卷20个条目总体内部一致性及4个分量表的内部一致性偏低 (alpha=0.27-0.57).结论长沙市普通居民精神卫生知识总体知晓率相对较高,但有些方面仍需提高,特别是对于精神疾病病因的认识.公众精神卫生知识的知晓能力随人口学特征不同而有较大差异,因此对不同人群进行特别的精神卫生教育干预可有效地提高社区居民的精神卫生知识知晓率.今后需修订调查问卷,提高信、效度和内部一致性.
목적평정장사시공음정신위생화정신질병예방지식적지효정황.방법채용다계단정군수궤추양방법,선취장사시할구수궤추취적2개성시사구화2개농촌사구적1 660호가정.종15세급이상적가정성원중수궤추취1인진행방담,완성위생부추천적정신위생지효솔표준문권(20항)조사.결과 1 563인완성유효문권조사,기중남성676인,녀성887인,평균년령(표준차)위41.9(15.9)세.평균(표준차)응답정학솔위68.5%(46.4%),성시사구평균(표준차)응답정학솔[70.5 %(13.6%)]고우농촌사구응답정학솔[66.2%13.5%)](t=6.18,p<0.001).정학응답솔여년령부상관(r=-0.21,p<0.001),여문화정도정상관(r=0.28,p<0.001),여직업화혼인상태적차이정다양상관성.채용축보회귀분석발현문화정도、년령화직업(농민혹공인여기타직업비교)위정신위생지효솔적독립상관인소.문권20개조목총체내부일치성급4개분량표적내부일치성편저 (alpha=0.27-0.57).결론장사시보통거민정신위생지식총체지효솔상대교고,단유사방면잉수제고,특별시대우정신질병병인적인식.공음정신위생지식적지효능력수인구학특정불동이유교대차이,인차대불동인군진행특별적정신위생교육간예가유효지제고사구거민적정신위생지식지효솔.금후수수정조사문권,제고신、효도화내부일치성.
Objective:Assess public awareness about mental health and the prevention of mental illnesses in Changsha,China.Methods:A multistage cluster-sampling method identified 1660 households in two rural and two urban communities in the Changsha Municipality.One family member 15 years of age or older randomly selected from each household was asked to complete a standardized 20-item survey about mental health awareness developed by the Chinese Ministry of Health (MOH).Results: 1563 valid surveys were completed by 676 males and 887 females who had a mean (SD) age of 41.9 (15.9) years. The mean (SD) proportion of correct responses in the total sample was 68.5% (46.4%);the proportion correct in urban respondents [70.5% (13.6%)]was higher than that in rural respondents [66.2% (13.5%)] (t=6.18,p<0.001).The proportion of correct responses had a significant negative correlation with age (r=-0.21;p<0.001), a significant positive correlation with level of education (r=0.28,p<0.001) and varied by occupation and marital status.A stepwise regression analysis found that level of education, age and occupation (farmer or worker versus other occupations) were independently related to the level of mental health literacy.The overall internal consistency of the 20 items in the survey and of the four subscales in the survey were weak (alpha=0.27-0.57).Conclusion:The overall level of awareness about mental health issues in Changsha residents is relatively high but there are still some areas,particularly regarding the causes of mental disorders,that are in need of improvement.The level of mental health literacy varies substantially by demographic characteristics so cohort-specific educational interventions will be needed to effectively improve community awareness.Further revision of the MOH survey will be needed to improve its reliability,validity and internal consistency.