中国地方病学杂志
中國地方病學雜誌
중국지방병학잡지
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ENDEMIOLOGY
2010年
2期
190-192
,共3页
付书霞%杨芳丽%康建山%马娟%乔玉朋%姚巧玲
付書霞%楊芳麗%康建山%馬娟%喬玉朋%姚巧玲
부서하%양방려%강건산%마연%교옥붕%요교령
煤%氟化物中毒%空气污染%室内
煤%氟化物中毒%空氣汙染%室內
매%불화물중독%공기오염%실내
Coal%Fluoride poisoning%Air pollution,indoor
目的 了解河南省洛阳市燃煤污染型氟中毒(简称地氟病)病区现状,为制订地氟病防治措施提供依据.方法 2006年,采用一村一户一表的登记式方法,对洛阳市所辖的偃师市、孟津县、新安县、栾川县和吉利区共941个历史燃煤污染型地氟病自然村病情现况、生活习惯、住房结构等进行普查.普查中对人口数在500人以上的病区自然村作为重点调查村,进行水氟、8～12岁儿童氟斑牙病情及尿氟测定.水氟、儿童尿氟测定采用氟离子选择电极法,儿童氟斑牙检查采用Dean法.结果 在洛阳市地氟病病区,现存地氟病自然村742个,与历史村数比较减少了199个.96.7%(142 543/147 419)的居民户以本地石煤及外购的无烟煤做燃料,无排烟设施.其中独立厨房户数占93.6%(137 919/147 419),有63.0%(86 889/137 919)的居户厨房和卧室相通.125 060户群众用燃煤炉取暖,其中87.8%(109 802/125 060)有排烟设施,12.2%(15 258/125 060)无排烟设施.抽取人121数在500人以上的病区自然村52个,采集饮用水水样183份,2份水样水氟>1.0ms/L,最高水氟值1.04 mg/L,水氟均值0.39 mg/L.儿童氟斑牙总检出率为36.06%,检出率>30%有36个自然村,占69.2%(36/52),儿童氟斑牙检出率<30%有16个自然村,占30.8%(16/52).儿童氟斑牙指数>0.6的有23个自然村,中度氟斑牙检出率为1.3%(94/7238),但未发现重度氟斑牙儿童.测定8～12岁儿童即时尿样1408份,尿氟最高值6.88 mg/L,最低值0.10 mg/L,几何均数1.10 mg/L.结论 洛阳市燃煤型氟中毒病区村数较过去减少,儿童氟斑牙病情大幅度下降,部分群众仍然厨房卧室相通,无排烟设施,须教育群众改变生活方式、改炉改灶减轻煤烟氟污染.
目的 瞭解河南省洛暘市燃煤汙染型氟中毒(簡稱地氟病)病區現狀,為製訂地氟病防治措施提供依據.方法 2006年,採用一村一戶一錶的登記式方法,對洛暘市所轄的偃師市、孟津縣、新安縣、欒川縣和吉利區共941箇歷史燃煤汙染型地氟病自然村病情現況、生活習慣、住房結構等進行普查.普查中對人口數在500人以上的病區自然村作為重點調查村,進行水氟、8～12歲兒童氟斑牙病情及尿氟測定.水氟、兒童尿氟測定採用氟離子選擇電極法,兒童氟斑牙檢查採用Dean法.結果 在洛暘市地氟病病區,現存地氟病自然村742箇,與歷史村數比較減少瞭199箇.96.7%(142 543/147 419)的居民戶以本地石煤及外購的無煙煤做燃料,無排煙設施.其中獨立廚房戶數佔93.6%(137 919/147 419),有63.0%(86 889/137 919)的居戶廚房和臥室相通.125 060戶群衆用燃煤爐取暖,其中87.8%(109 802/125 060)有排煙設施,12.2%(15 258/125 060)無排煙設施.抽取人121數在500人以上的病區自然村52箇,採集飲用水水樣183份,2份水樣水氟>1.0ms/L,最高水氟值1.04 mg/L,水氟均值0.39 mg/L.兒童氟斑牙總檢齣率為36.06%,檢齣率>30%有36箇自然村,佔69.2%(36/52),兒童氟斑牙檢齣率<30%有16箇自然村,佔30.8%(16/52).兒童氟斑牙指數>0.6的有23箇自然村,中度氟斑牙檢齣率為1.3%(94/7238),但未髮現重度氟斑牙兒童.測定8～12歲兒童即時尿樣1408份,尿氟最高值6.88 mg/L,最低值0.10 mg/L,幾何均數1.10 mg/L.結論 洛暘市燃煤型氟中毒病區村數較過去減少,兒童氟斑牙病情大幅度下降,部分群衆仍然廚房臥室相通,無排煙設施,鬚教育群衆改變生活方式、改爐改竈減輕煤煙氟汙染.
목적 료해하남성락양시연매오염형불중독(간칭지불병)병구현상,위제정지불병방치조시제공의거.방법 2006년,채용일촌일호일표적등기식방법,대락양시소할적언사시、맹진현、신안현、란천현화길리구공941개역사연매오염형지불병자연촌병정현황、생활습관、주방결구등진행보사.보사중대인구수재500인이상적병구자연촌작위중점조사촌,진행수불、8～12세인동불반아병정급뇨불측정.수불、인동뇨불측정채용불리자선택전겁법,인동불반아검사채용Dean법.결과 재락양시지불병병구,현존지불병자연촌742개,여역사촌수비교감소료199개.96.7%(142 543/147 419)적거민호이본지석매급외구적무연매주연료,무배연설시.기중독립주방호수점93.6%(137 919/147 419),유63.0%(86 889/137 919)적거호주방화와실상통.125 060호군음용연매로취난,기중87.8%(109 802/125 060)유배연설시,12.2%(15 258/125 060)무배연설시.추취인121수재500인이상적병구자연촌52개,채집음용수수양183빈,2빈수양수불>1.0ms/L,최고수불치1.04 mg/L,수불균치0.39 mg/L.인동불반아총검출솔위36.06%,검출솔>30%유36개자연촌,점69.2%(36/52),인동불반아검출솔<30%유16개자연촌,점30.8%(16/52).인동불반아지수>0.6적유23개자연촌,중도불반아검출솔위1.3%(94/7238),단미발현중도불반아인동.측정8～12세인동즉시뇨양1408빈,뇨불최고치6.88 mg/L,최저치0.10 mg/L,궤하균수1.10 mg/L.결론 락양시연매형불중독병구촌수교과거감소,인동불반아병정대폭도하강,부분군음잉연주방와실상통,무배연설시,수교육군음개변생활방식、개로개조감경매연불오염.
Objective To investigate the distribution status of coal-burning fluorosis (endemic fluorosis) areas in Luoyang and to provide scientifc evidence for making strategies in prevention and control. Methods In 2006, a household per village was chosen to carry the general survey so as of disease condition, living habits and housing structure among 941 coal-burning pollution fluorine sickness natural villages in Yanshi, Mengjin, Xin'an, Luanchuan counties and Geely area which were under the jurisdiction of Luoyang. In the general survey, the sampled village having a population of more than 500 person was considered as a major survey village, and water fluoride, 8 - 12 year-old child fluorine spot on tooth and the urinary fluoride were surveyed. Water fluoride and the child urinary fluoride determination used the fluoride ion selective electrode method, and the children's dental fluorosis used Dean method. Results The endemic fluorosis of Luoyang existed 742 in endemic fluomsis villages, compared with history, a decrease of 199 in number. Ninety-six point seven per cent( 142 543/147 419) of the households were consuming smoke-free coal. Households using intact kitchens accounted for 93.6%( 137 919/147 419). Of which 63.0%(86 889/137 919) of kitchens were mixed up with bedrooms. Total 125 060 people were using coal- fired furnace for heating, of which 87.8%(109 802/125 060) had smoke-free facilities, 12.2%(15 258/125 060) had none. Among 52 endemic villages with population of more than 500 people surveyed, a total of 183 water samples were collected, 2 had water fluoride exceeding 1.0 rag/L, the highest water fluoride being 1.04 rag/L, averaging 0.39 mg/L Sixteen villages had a prevalence rate of dental fluorosis for children less than 30.00%, accounting for 30.8% (16/52), 36 endemic villages the prevalence of dental fluorosis detection rate of more than 30.00%, accounting for 69.2%(36/52). Twenty-thrce villages had a dental fluorosis index greater than 0.6, severe dental fluorosis was not found. Real-time measurement of 1408 urine samples of children aged 8 - 12 showed that urine fluoride highest value 6.88 nag/L, the minimum value of 0.10 mg/L, geometric mean 1.10 mg/L. The prevalence rate of dental fluorosis for children was 36.06%. Conclusions In Luoyang city, numbers of coal-burning endemic fluorosis villages are less than before, children's dental fluorosis has significantly declined, however some people still use kitchens connecting with bedrooms and lack smoke-free facilities, they need to be educated to change lifestyle and improve furnace to reduce soot fluoride pollution.
