四种类型公共场所室内细颗粒物水平影响因素的研究
사충류형공공장소실내세과립물수평영향인소적연구
Pollutions of indoor fine particles in four types of public places and the Influencing factors
  • 万方数据
    中华预防医学杂志 중화예방의학잡지
    CHINESE JOURNAL OF
    2009年 8期 664-668 ,共5页

    刘波%邓芙蓉%郭新彪%杨冬梅%滕秀全%郑旭%高静%董静%吴少伟

    류파%산부용%곽신표%양동매%등수전%정욱%고정%동정%오소위

    空气污染物,环境%环境监测%评价研究 空氣汙染物,環境%環境鑑測%評價研究
    공기오염물,배경%배경감측%평개연구
    Air pollutants,environment%Environmental monitoring%Evaluation studies
    目的 了解公共场所室内细颗粒物(PM2.5)的污染水平,探讨其可能的影响因素.方法 采用细颗粒物监测仪,监测北京市通州区洗浴休闲厅、餐厅、歌厅、网吧4类共计20家公共场所室内、外PM2.5的质量浓度,同时现场记录监测场所门、窗和机械通风装置的开启状态、室内人员数量及正在吸烟的人员数量等基本情况,分析多种因素对公共场所室内PM2.5水平的影响.结果 公共场所室内PM2.5平均浓度为(334.6±386.3)μg/m3,浓度范围6～1956μg/m3,洗浴休闲厅、餐厅、歌厅包房、网吧室内PM2.5平均浓度分别为(116.9±100.1)μg/m3、(317.9±235.3)μg/m3、(750.6±521.6)μg/m3、(157.5±98.5)μg/m3,餐厅(与洗浴休闲厅比较:Z=-10.785,P<0.01;与歌厅包房比较:Z=-10.488,P<0.01;与网吧比较:Z=-7.547,P<0.01)和歌厅包房(与洗浴休闲厅比较:Z=-16.670,P<0.01;与网吧比较:Z=-15.682,P<0.01)的污染状况比较严重.单因素分析显示吸烟人次密度(9.13×10-3人/m3;r=0.772,F=26.579,P<0.01)和通风评分[(2.5±1.5)分;r=0.667,F=14.442,P<0.001]与室内PN2.5平均浓度相关;餐厅[室内PM2.5平均浓度为(317.9±235.3)μg/m3;室外为(67.8±78.9)μg/m3]和网吧[室内PM2.5平均浓度为(157.5±98.5)μg/m3;室外为(67.7±43.7)μg/m3]室内、外PM2.5平均浓度存在相关关系(r值分别为0.918、0.955,F值分别为16.013、30.785,P值分别为0.028、0.012),网吧中人次密度(288.7×10-3人/m3)和室内PM2.5平均浓度[(157.5±98.5)μg/m3]相关(r=0.891,F=11.615,P=0.042).多重回归分析显示影响公共场所室内PM2.5污染水平的主要因素是吸烟人次密度(b′=0.581,t=3.542,P=0.003)和室内通风状况(b′=-0.348,t=-2.122,P=0.049),吸烟的影响大于通风状况.聚类分析后显示,在通风状况较好时(通风评分>2),主要影响因素是室外PM2.5的浓度[(49.6±39.5)μg/m3;b=1.556,t=3.760,P=0.007];而在通风状况较差时(通风评分≤2),主要影响因素是吸烟人次密度(14.7×10-3人/m3;6=140.957,t=3.108,P=0.013),且室内PM2.5的增加有51.8%是由于吸烟所致.结论 吸烟是公共场所室内PM2.5污染水平的主要影响因素.通风状况较好时,室外PM2.5污染对室内PM2.5污染水平有一定影响.
    목적 료해공공장소실내세과립물(PM2.5)적오염수평,탐토기가능적영향인소.방법 채용세과립물감측의,감측북경시통주구세욕휴한청、찬청、가청、망파4류공계20가공공장소실내、외PM2.5적질량농도,동시현장기록감측장소문、창화궤계통풍장치적개계상태、실내인원수량급정재흡연적인원수량등기본정황,분석다충인소대공공장소실내PM2.5수평적영향.결과 공공장소실내PM2.5평균농도위(334.6±386.3)μg/m3,농도범위6～1956μg/m3,세욕휴한청、찬청、가청포방、망파실내PM2.5평균농도분별위(116.9±100.1)μg/m3、(317.9±235.3)μg/m3、(750.6±521.6)μg/m3、(157.5±98.5)μg/m3,찬청(여세욕휴한청비교:Z=-10.785,P<0.01;여가청포방비교:Z=-10.488,P<0.01;여망파비교:Z=-7.547,P<0.01)화가청포방(여세욕휴한청비교:Z=-16.670,P<0.01;여망파비교:Z=-15.682,P<0.01)적오염상황비교엄중.단인소분석현시흡연인차밀도(9.13×10-3인/m3;r=0.772,F=26.579,P<0.01)화통풍평분[(2.5±1.5)분;r=0.667,F=14.442,P<0.001]여실내PN2.5평균농도상관;찬청[실내PM2.5평균농도위(317.9±235.3)μg/m3;실외위(67.8±78.9)μg/m3]화망파[실내PM2.5평균농도위(157.5±98.5)μg/m3;실외위(67.7±43.7)μg/m3]실내、외PM2.5평균농도존재상관관계(r치분별위0.918、0.955,F치분별위16.013、30.785,P치분별위0.028、0.012),망파중인차밀도(288.7×10-3인/m3)화실내PM2.5평균농도[(157.5±98.5)μg/m3]상관(r=0.891,F=11.615,P=0.042).다중회귀분석현시영향공공장소실내PM2.5오염수평적주요인소시흡연인차밀도(b′=0.581,t=3.542,P=0.003)화실내통풍상황(b′=-0.348,t=-2.122,P=0.049),흡연적영향대우통풍상황.취류분석후현시,재통풍상황교호시(통풍평분>2),주요영향인소시실외PM2.5적농도[(49.6±39.5)μg/m3;b=1.556,t=3.760,P=0.007];이재통풍상황교차시(통풍평분≤2),주요영향인소시흡연인차밀도(14.7×10-3인/m3;6=140.957,t=3.108,P=0.013),차실내PM2.5적증가유51.8%시유우흡연소치.결론 흡연시공공장소실내PM2.5오염수평적주요영향인소.통풍상황교호시,실외PM2.5오염대실내PM2.5오염수평유일정영향.
    Objective To study the levels of pollutions caused by fine particulate matter(PM2.5) in the public places and investigate the possible influencing factors. Methods A total of 20 public places in four types such as rest room in bath center, restanrant,karaoke bars and cyber cafe in Tongzhou district in Beijing were chosen in this study;indoor and outdoor PM2.5 was monitored by TSI sidepak AM510. Data under varying conditions were collected and analyzed, such as doors or windows or mechanical ventilation devices being opened, rooms cramped with people and smoking. Results The average concentration of indoor PM2.5 in 20 public places was ( 334.6±386.3 ) μg/m3, ranging from 6 μg/m3 to 1956 μg/m3 ;while in bath center, restaurant, karaoke bars and cyber care were (116.9±100.1) μg/m3, ( 317.9±235.3 )μg/ m3,(750.6±521.6)μg/m3 and(157.5±98.5)μg/m3 respectively. The concentrations of PM2.5 in restaurant (compared with bath center: Z= -10.785,P<0.01;compared with karaoke bars: Z= - 10.488 ,P <0.01 ;compared with cyber care: Z = -7.547 ,P <0.01 ) and karaoke bars ( compared with bath center: Z = - 16.670, P <0.01 ;compared with cyber eafe: Z = - 15. 682, P < 0. 01 ) were much higher than those in other two places. Single-factor analysis revealed that the average concentration of indoor PM2.5 in 20 public places was associated with the number of smokers per cube meters(9.13×10-3;r 0.772, F =26.579, P <0.01 ) and ventilation score [ ( 2.5±1.5 ) points;r = 0.667, F =14.442, P < 0.01 ], and there were significant correlation between the average indoor and outdoor levels in restaurant [(317.9±235.3) μg/m3, (67.8±78.9) μg/m3;r= 0.918, F= 16.013, P= 0.028] and cyber cafe [(157.5±98.5) μg/m3, (67.7±43.7) μg/m3 ;r= 0.955, F= 30.785, P= 0.012]. Furthermore, significant correlation was observed between the average concentration of indoor PM2.5[(157.5±98.5) μg/ m3] and the number of people per cube meters (288.7×10-3) in cyber cafe ( r = 0. 891, F = 11. 615, P = 0.042). Multiple regression analysis showed that smoking (b′= 0.581, t= 3.542, P= 0.003) and ventilation ( b′ = - 0. 348, t = - 2. 122, P = 0. 049 ) were the major factors that may influence the concentration of indoor PM2.5in four public places. With cluster analysis, the results showed that the major factors that influence the concentration of indoor PM2.5 was the outdoor PM2.5 levels [ (49. 6±39. 5) μg/m3;b = 1. 556, t = 3. 760, P = 0. 007 ] when ventilation ( score > 2 ) was relatively good. The number of smokers per cube meters ( 14. 7 ×10-3) became the major influence factor when the ventilation soore≤2 (b=140.957, t= 3.108, P= 0.013) and 51.8% increases of indoor PM2.5was attributed to smoking. Conclusion This study indicated that smoking was the main source of indoor PM2.5 in public places. Outdoor PM2.5 should be correlated with indoor PM2.5 concentration under drafty situation.
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