咸阳师范学院学报
鹹暘師範學院學報
함양사범학원학보
JOURNAL OF XIANYANG TEACHERS COLLEGE
2011年
5期
61-64
,共4页
时制助词%加%近代汉语%方言
時製助詞%加%近代漢語%方言
시제조사%가%근대한어%방언
the auxiliary of time%Jia%modern Chinese%dialect
《李十三十大本》是清代陕西著名戏曲家李芳桂创作的碗碗腔皮影戏剧本,其中多处使用了一个特殊的助词＂加＂。从语法意义看,表将来时态;从句法位置看,置于动词或动词性短语之后;从句类选择看,多出现在陈述句和疑问句末尾。因此＂,加＂是表达时制意义的一种语法手段,应属于表未然的时制助词。这个助词是对近代汉语助词＂加（价、家、假）＂的继承和发展,同时又是受当地方言的影响。《十大本》中助词＂加＂的丰富语例,为研究近代汉语提供了鲜活的原始资料。
《李十三十大本》是清代陝西著名戲麯傢李芳桂創作的碗碗腔皮影戲劇本,其中多處使用瞭一箇特殊的助詞＂加＂。從語法意義看,錶將來時態;從句法位置看,置于動詞或動詞性短語之後;從句類選擇看,多齣現在陳述句和疑問句末尾。因此＂,加＂是錶達時製意義的一種語法手段,應屬于錶未然的時製助詞。這箇助詞是對近代漢語助詞＂加（價、傢、假）＂的繼承和髮展,同時又是受噹地方言的影響。《十大本》中助詞＂加＂的豐富語例,為研究近代漢語提供瞭鮮活的原始資料。
《리십삼십대본》시청대협서저명희곡가리방계창작적완완강피영희극본,기중다처사용료일개특수적조사＂가＂。종어법의의간,표장래시태;종구법위치간,치우동사혹동사성단어지후;종구류선택간,다출현재진술구화의문구말미。인차＂,가＂시표체시제의의적일충어법수단,응속우표미연적시제조사。저개조사시대근대한어조사＂가（개、가、가）＂적계승화발전,동시우시수당지방언적영향。《십대본》중조사＂가＂적봉부어례,위연구근대한어제공료선활적원시자료。
Li Shisan’s Ten Great Scenarioes is a shadow play with wanwan tone by Li Fanggui,a dramatist from Shaanxi province in the Qing Dynasty.In this play the auxiliary＂Jia＂is used in many parts.＂Jia＂indicates the future tense from a grammatical sense.Syntactically,it is usually placed after verbs or verbal phrases.In terms of sentence types,it mostly occurs at the end of declarative sentences and interrogative sentences.Therefore,＂Jia＂is a grammatical means of time indication and it should be the auxiliary of time showing the future tense.This auxiliary is derived and developed from modern Chinese＂加（价,家,假）＂and also influenced by the local dialect.The abundant examples of auxiliary ＂Jia ＂in Ten Great Scenarios have provided lively and firsted-handed reference materials for the research on modern Chinese dialect.
