CAJ | 학술논문

在全球气候变化和人类干扰的综合作用下,中国草地出现大范围的退化,退化的草地造成了严重的生态问题.玛多县位于青海省三江源区的黄河源区,草地也出现了严重退化,因此,青海省政府于2004年在该地区实行了生态移民政策.为了分析牧户对生态移民的响应差异,作者从牧户角度, 通过牧户调查, 遥感数据、自然要素和社会经济要素综合分析, 研究生态移民政策和牧户的响应情况及原因, 对以后的人地和谐共处具有借鉴作用.本文利用近25年的三期MSS和TM影像、两年的PRA牧户访谈共144户的资料,通过综合分析,得出以下结果: (1)草地退化主要是由气候干暖化和草地载畜超载造成的.(2) 移民政策和牧户社会经济情况的对比利益差异,导致移出的牧户以老年牧户、无畜/少畜户为主,牲畜多的、中青年牧户普遍不愿移民.而且,移民户中,一证多户中的部分户移民占所有移民户54.5%.移民牧户结构的上述特征导致通过移民实现草地载畜量明显减少的目标不易实现.
재전구기후변화화인류간우적종합작용하,중국초지출현대범위적퇴화,퇴화적초지조성료엄중적생태문제.마다현위우청해성삼강원구적황하원구,초지야출현료엄중퇴화,인차,청해성정부우2004년재해지구실행료생태이민정책.위료분석목호대생태이민적향응차이,작자종목호각도, 통과목호조사, 요감수거、자연요소화사회경제요소종합분석, 연구생태이민정책화목호적향응정황급원인, 대이후적인지화해공처구유차감작용.본문이용근25년적삼기MSS화TM영상、량년적PRA목호방담공144호적자료,통과종합분석,득출이하결과: (1)초지퇴화주요시유기후간난화화초지재축초재조성적.(2) 이민정책화목호사회경제정황적대비이익차이,도치이출적목호이노년목호、무축/소축호위주,생축다적、중청년목호보편불원이민.이차,이민호중,일증다호중적부분호이민점소유이민호54.5%.이민목호결구적상술특정도치통과이민실현초지재축량명현감소적목표불역실현.
Under the integrated influences of global climate changes and overgrazing, China rangeland has degraded over recent years. Maduo County locates in the Source Region of Yellow River and its rangeland has experienced expansive degradation. The government of Qinghai Province launched an eco-immigration policy in 2004. In order to analyze the responses of herd families to the eco-immigration and the reasons for these responses, the authors used three periods MSS and TM images for recent 25 years and interview survey data of 144 herd families in recent two years, getting the following results: (1) the rangeland had degraded extensively for recent 28 years; and (2) the immigrant families were mainly composed of the old, with little or no livestock. What's more, the percentage of immigrant households that share one rangeland certificate with parents or brothers in the immigrant family was 54.5%. Therefore, it is hard to greatly decrease the overgrazing degree through eco-immigration with those previous characteristics of eco-immigrant family structure.