CAJ | 학술논문

目的了解澳门居民患肿瘤的现况,为三级预防规划和诊治的需求提供依据.方法收集澳门卫生局2003-2007年癌症登记年报和统计暨普查局的人口统计;疾病和死因分类按国际疾病分类第10次修订文本.用Excel 2003软件输入和处理数据;计算粗率、粗率增长速度及累积风险.结果澳门居民肿瘤平均粗发病率为237.2/10万,年龄标准化发病率为194.4/10万,粗死亡率为101.0/10万.结肠、直肠及肛门肿瘤粗发病率最高,而前列腺肿瘤粗发病率增长速度最快;男性以气管、支气管和肺肿瘤,女性以乳癌的粗发病率为首.气管、支气管和肺肿瘤的粗死亡率最高(25.0/10万).72.9%肿瘤发生在50岁及以上年龄组,男性81.1%发生在50岁以上年龄组,女性则20岁以上分布较平均.青少年和青壮年分别以癌及上皮肿瘤和女性乳癌多见,成年期和老年人则以气管、支气管和肺肿瘤为首.诊断患肿瘤的平均年龄为61.0岁,70.5岁死亡;男性患者预后较女性差;肝及食管癌预后较差,常在诊断的1年内死亡.累积发病风险以女性乳癌最高,死亡风险以气管、支气管和肺肿瘤最高;女性的发病和死亡风险皆较男性低.结论澳门居民肿瘤粗发病率增长较快,粗死亡率增长缓慢;以气管、支气管和肺及结肠、直肠和肛门肿瘤为主,前列腺肿瘤和女性乳癌也占重要顺位;50岁以上及男性应列为三级预防重点对象.
목적 료해오문거민환종류적현황,위삼급예방규화화진치적수구제공의거.방법 수집오문위생국2003-2007년암증등기년보화통계기보사국적인구통계;질병화사인분류안국제질병분류제10차수정문본.용Excel 2003연건수입화처리수거;계산조솔、조솔증장속도급루적풍험.결과 오문거민종류평균조발병솔위237.2/10만,년령표준화발병솔위194.4/10만,조사망솔위101.0/10만.결장、직장급항문종류조발병솔최고,이전렬선종류조발병솔증장속도최쾌;남성이기관、지기관화폐종류,녀성이유암적조발병솔위수.기관、지기관화폐종류적조사망솔최고(25.0/10만).72.9%종류발생재50세급이상년령조,남성81.1%발생재50세이상년령조,녀성칙20세이상분포교평균.청소년화청장년분별이암급상피종류화녀성유암다견,성년기화노년인칙이기관、지기관화폐종류위수.진단환종류적평균년령위61.0세,70.5세사망;남성환자예후교녀성차;간급식관암예후교차,상재진단적1년내사망.루적발병풍험이녀성유암최고,사망풍험이기관、지기관화폐종류최고;녀성적발병화사망풍험개교남성저.결론 오문거민종류조발병솔증장교쾌,조사망솔증장완만;이기관、지기관화폐급결장、직장화항문종류위주,전렬선종류화녀성유암야점중요순위;50세이상급남성응렬위삼급예방중점대상.
Objective Understanding the prevalence of cancer among Macao residents to better carry out tertiary prevention and control program. Methods Data was gathered from annual reports of Macao Cancer Registry of Health Bureau in 2003-2007, and demographic statistics of Statistics and Census Bureau Macau SAR Government in 1997-2006. Both International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) were used to classify the diseases and causes of death. Excel 2003 was used for data input and data was analyzed with crude rate, velocity of increase of crude rate and cumulative risk. Results The average crude incidence rate of cancer was 237.2 per 100 000 among the Macao population,with age standardized incidence rate as 194.4 per 100 000; and crude mortality rate as 101.0 per 100 000. Lower gastrointestinal cancer had the highest crude incidence, with the crude incidence rate of prostate cancer rapidly increasing.Respiratory cancer and breast cancer appeared to be the highest crude incidences in both men and women, with the crude mortality rate (25.0 per 100 000) of respiratory cancer the highest. 72.9% of the tumors occurred at the age of 50 and above. However, 81.1% of the tumors occurred at 50 years old and above in men, with the occurrences of tumors of women distributed more evenly. Breast cancer and epithelial tumor commonly occurred in adolescents and young adults while respiratory cancer mostly seen in adulthood and the elderly. Residents were usually diagnosed of cancer at 61.0years of age and death occurred at 70.5 year old. The prognosis of cancer of men was worse than women' s. The worst prognosis of cancer was seen in liver and esophagus, with death occurred within 1 year after diagnosis was made. Breast cancer had the highest cumulative incidence rate, but respiratory cancer had the highest cumulative mortality rate. Both cumulative rates of incidence and mortality in women were lower than in men. Conclusion The increase of crude cancer incidence rate was fast among Macao residents, but relatively slow with crude mortality rate. Respiratory and lower gastrointestinal tumors took the majority while prostate and breast cancer were by no means unimportant, which also called for tertiary prevention. People above 50 years old and all males should be listed as target population to receive preventive program on cancer.