CAJ | 학술논문

农业用水结构对农业用水效率及效益有较大影响.采用1949～2006年农业用水资料分析了我国农业用水结构的演变历程, 并根据农业用水结构的发展变化及灌溉农业的发展历史和未来发展方向, 将1949～2050年我国农业用水水平分为初级利用、低效利用、合理利用及高效利用4个阶段.研究表明: 我国农业用水结构日趋合理, 农业用水比重持续减少, 农、林、牧、渔用水及粮、经、饲作物用水比例协调程度不断提高.据此, 提出了注重农业用水结构优化的农业经济用水量概念.华北地区的实例分析表明, 在同时提高农业用水综合效益的情形下, 依靠优化农业用水结构可年节水199.94亿 m~3; 而有无用水结构优化的综合节水措施节水效果相差29.97亿 m~3.
농업용수결구대농업용수효솔급효익유교대영향.채용1949～2006년농업용수자료분석료아국농업용수결구적연변역정, 병근거농업용수결구적발전변화급관개농업적발전역사화미래발전방향, 장1949～2050년아국농업용수수평분위초급이용、저효이용、합리이용급고효이용4개계단.연구표명: 아국농업용수결구일추합리, 농업용수비중지속감소, 농、림、목、어용수급량、경、사작물용수비례협조정도불단제고.거차, 제출료주중농업용수결구우화적농업경제용수량개념.화북지구적실례분석표명, 재동시제고농업용수종합효익적정형하, 의고우화농업용수결구가년절수199.94억 m~3; 이유무용수결구우화적종합절수조시절수효과상차29.97억 m~3.
Agricultural water structure (AWS) influences the efficiency and potential benefits of water use. The evolution history of AWS in China was analyzed in this study using agricultural water consumption data in China for 1949～2006. Agricultural water use level for 1949～2050 was divided into four periods of primary use, low efficiency use, reasonable use and high efficiency use in accordance with the evolution history and tendency of future AWS. The analysis shows that AWS in China is improving as the proportion of agricultural water consumption to total water use is steadily decreasing. The level of water use is increasingly harmonized among agriculture, forestry, herding and fishing as well as water consumption by grain crops, cash crops and grazing grass. The concept of economic agricultural water consumption is advanced, emphasizing water-saving via optimized AWS. A case study of North China illustrates that AWS optimization increases water use benefits and saves 199.94×10~8 m~3 water per year. Integrative water-saving measures along with optimized AWS saves an additional 29.97×10~8 m~3 water per year over water-saving measures alone.