CAJ | 학술논문

目的调查非铀矿山从业人员职业氡暴露致肺癌危险估计所需参数.方法对选自9省区13类24座矿山的2836名矿工,采用当面填写调查表或询问方式,调查了职业氡暴露致肺癌危险估计所需要的基本参数.包括平均工龄、开始暴露年龄、吸烟情况等.采用描述性统计方法进行分析.结果非铀矿山在职职工年龄为17～72岁,平均年龄为(36.9±8.0)岁.非铀矿工受教育程度低,3%为文盲,58%接受了小学或初中教育,受过大专及以上教育的人仅7%.非铀矿工中75%为农民工,少数民族矿工的比例为16%.临时工开始职业氡暴露的年龄为(29.6±8.0)岁.到调查时,在矿山工作的工龄为(6.7±6.8)年,工龄中位数为4.1年,工龄≥5年工人占46.7%.3.4%的在职职工在18岁以前开始矿山工作.有17.5%的工人报告每日工作时间大于8 h.被调查者中,58.0%(43.0%～83.0%)男性矿工为当前吸烟者,平均从20岁开始吸烟,吸烟量中位数为16支.当前吸烟率与年龄有关,15～19岁矿工的吸烟率最高,达69.2%.煤矿工当前吸烟率为49.0%,非煤矿山工人为62.5%,两者差异具有统计学意义(X2=59.1,P＜0.01).不同省区男性矿工吸烟率明显不同(X2=1200,P＜0.01).煤矿工报告使用机械通风情况明显优于非煤矿山矿工(X2=80.7,P＜0.01).结论非铀矿山一线工人中75%为农民工.矿工约在30岁开始井下职业高氡暴露,但有3%的矿工在18岁以前开始从业,接近一半矿山工人工龄为5年及以上,男性矿工当前吸烟率无异于一般男性人群.
목적 조사비유광산종업인원직업동폭로치폐암위험고계소수삼수.방법 대선자9성구13류24좌광산적2836명광공,채용당면전사조사표혹순문방식,조사료직업동폭로치폐암위험고계소수요적기본삼수.포괄평균공령、개시폭로년령、흡연정황등.채용묘술성통계방법진행분석.결과 비유광산재직직공년령위17～72세,평균년령위(36.9±8.0)세.비유광공수교육정도저,3%위문맹,58%접수료소학혹초중교육,수과대전급이상교육적인부7%.비유광공중75%위농민공,소수민족광공적비례위16%.림시공개시직업동폭로적년령위(29.6±8.0)세.도조사시,재광산공작적공령위(6.7±6.8)년,공령중위수위4.1년,공령≥5년공인점46.7%.3.4%적재직직공재18세이전개시광산공작.유17.5%적공인보고매일공작시간대우8 h.피조사자중,58.0%(43.0%～83.0%)남성광공위당전흡연자,평균종20세개시흡연,흡연량중위수위16지.당전흡연솔여년령유관,15～19세광공적흡연솔최고,체69.2%.매광공당전흡연솔위49.0%,비매광산공인위62.5%,량자차이구유통계학의의(X2=59.1,P＜0.01).불동성구남성광공흡연솔명현불동(X2=1200,P＜0.01).매광공보고사용궤계통풍정황명현우우비매광산광공(X2=80.7,P＜0.01).결론 비유광산일선공인중75%위농민공.광공약재30세개시정하직업고동폭로,단유3%적광공재18세이전개시종업,접근일반광산공인공령위5년급이상,남성광공당전흡연솔무이우일반남성인군.
Objective To investigate the basic data of risk estimation of lung cancer among non-uranium miners in China.Methods 2836 workers from 24 mines in 9 provinces/regions were face-to-face interviewed to collect information including age at exposure,exposure duration,cigarette smoking among others.Results Age of the investigated non-uranium miners ranged from 17 to 72(36.9±8.0)years.The miners received low and poor education,3% of them were illiterate,58% with primary and middle school education,only 7% with junior college and higher education.Seventy-five percent of the uranium miners are migrant rural workers.Ethnic minority miners accoungted for 16% of all the investigated miners.Among the migrant rural workers age at initial exposure was estimated to be 29.6±8.0 years.By the time of the investigation,46.7% of the miners had worked in the mine for five years and longer,working years in the mine was 6.7±6.8 years with a median of 4.1years.3.4% of the non-uranium miners began the initial radon exposure in mines before their 18 years of old.17.5% of the investigated miners reported working more than 8 h every working day.Among the males,58.0% were current smokers with a median of 16 cigarettes per day.Age to begin the cigarette smoking was 20 years on average.Current smoking rate was age-dependent,the rate as high as 69.2% for the males aged 15-19 years.Current smoking rate was significantly statistically lower in coal mines than that in other mines,49.0% vs 62.5%.Compared with other miners,more frequent mechanical ventilations were reported by coal miners,Conclusions In China non-uranium mines,75% were migrant rural workers,by the time of the investigation about half of them had worked in the mines for at least five years.Non-uranium miners began their mining at 30 years on average,with a very small percentage of 3%,exposed to the mining radon before their 18 years.Current cigarette smoking rate in non-uranium male miners was the same as the general male population in China.