CAJ | 학술논문

目的从流行病学的角度研究某厂枪弹制造作业人员恶性肿瘤的死亡水平，为进一步研究二者之间关系提供线索。方法应用回顾性队列研究法追访6 310人，观察91 600.0人年。观察期从1981年1月1日至1995年12月31日。结果该作业全死因粗死亡率590.61／10万人年，恶性肿瘤粗死亡率216.16／10万人年，居死因第一位。以哈尔滨市1986～1990年男性恶性肿瘤死亡专率为标准，暴露组及其中的熔铜、热加工组男性恶性肿瘤死亡超量，SMR 分别为1.49、2.17、2.41，男性 RRT 分别为2.41、2.62（P＜0.01）。其中热加工组男性肺癌 SMR 为3.40，RRT 为4.59（P＜0.01）；熔铜组男性肝癌SMR为4.48，RRT为4.50（P＜0.01）。结论该作业男性恶性肿瘤死亡超量，尤其是热加工工人肺癌、熔铜作业工人肝癌死亡超量有统计学意义，其他工种及其他肿瘤均无明显超量。
목적종류행병학적각도연구모엄창탄제조작업인원악성종류적사망수평，위진일보연구이자지간관계제공선색。방법응용회고성대렬연구법추방6 310인，관찰91 600.0인년。관찰기종1981년1월1일지1995년12월31일。결과해작업전사인조사망솔590.61／10만인년，악성종류조사망솔216.16／10만인년，거사인제일위。이합이빈시1986～1990년남성악성종류사망전솔위표준，폭로조급기중적용동、열가공조남성악성종류사망초량，SMR 분별위1.49、2.17、2.41，남성 RRT 분별위2.41、2.62（P＜0.01）。기중열가공조남성폐암 SMR 위3.40，RRT 위4.59（P＜0.01）；용동조남성간암SMR위4.48，RRT위4.50（P＜0.01）。결론해작업남성악성종류사망초량，우기시열가공공인폐암、용동작업공인간암사망초량유통계학의의，기타공충급기타종류균무명현초량。
Objective Malignant tumor mortality in employees was conducted in a firearms and ammunition plant to study their association．Methods Totally，6 310 employees were followed-up in a retrospective cohort，with 91 600.0 person-years，from January 1，1981 to December 31，1995．Results Crude mortality of all causes was 590.61 per 100 000 person-years in this plant，and malignant tumor-specific mortality 216.16 per 100 000，ranking the first place in the causes of death．Standardized mortality ratio （SMR） of malignant tumor was 1.49，2.17 and 2.41（P＜0.01） for those exposed to firearms and ammunition，copper melting and heating，respectively，for male employees，with malignant tumor-specific mortality of males in Harbin during years of 1986 to 1990 as a reference，and relative risk（RR） was 2.41 and 2.62 for those exposed to copper melting and heating（P＜0.01），respectively．SMR for lung cancer in male employees exposed to heating was 3.40 with an RR of 4.59（P＜0.01），and SMR for liver cancer in males exposed to copper melting was 4.48 with an RR of 4.50（P＜0.01）．Conclusion Excess mortality of malignant tumor could be seen in employees exposed to firearms and ammunition，especially of lung cancer in those exposed to heating and of liver exposed to copper melting with statistical significance．