中华儿科杂志
中華兒科雜誌
중화인과잡지
Chinese Journal of Pediatrics
2011年
4期
294-300
,共7页
谈藏文%戴耀华%谢晓桦%张帅明%樊朝阳%贾妮
談藏文%戴耀華%謝曉樺%張帥明%樊朝暘%賈妮
담장문%대요화%사효화%장수명%번조양%가니
儿童%铅中毒%抽样研究%危险因素%问卷调查
兒童%鉛中毒%抽樣研究%危險因素%問捲調查
인동%연중독%추양연구%위험인소%문권조사
Child%Lead poisoning%Sampling studies%Risk factors%Questionnaires
目的 了解我国学前儿童血铅状况及其影响因素.方法 2004年起连续5年采用分层整群随机抽样法抽取银川、西安、成都、武汉、合肥、北京、长沙、哈尔滨、郑州、呼和浩特、石家庄、海口、大连、青岛、广州、南宁各城市相同城区固定幼儿园及社区的69 968名0～6岁儿童进行问卷调查,原子吸收法测定其血铅含量.结果 (1)5年儿童血铅含量≥100μg/L平均检出率为7.57%,血铅平均水平为(45.00±2.05)μg/L,均低于我国既往调查.2004-2008年儿童血铅含量≥100 μg/L检出率分别为10.03%、7.85%、7.40%、6.91%、4.78%(x2=297.36,P＜0.0001).2004-2008年儿童血铅平均含量≥100μg/L检出率海口12.15%、郑州10.49%、广州10.37%、石家庄9.69%、长沙9.53%、西安9.46%、武汉9.40%、合肥8.50%、成都7.99%、银川7.98%、哈尔滨7.51%、北京6.10%、大连3.25%、呼和浩特2.89%、南宁2.46%、青岛2.39%(x2=768.21,P＜0.0001).(2)Logistic回归分析:母亲文化程度低、儿童年龄大、常咬文具/玩具、男性、在交通繁忙地带散步/玩耍时间较长、进食前不洗手、常食爆米花、常服中草药、常吸吮手指啃指甲、住房楼层低、室内墙皮脱落、常玩橡皮泥、住所周围有油漆/蓄电池/炼钢铁/炼油/印刷厂、离主干道较近是其血铅含量≥100μg/L的危险因素.散居、常服钙、铁、锌制剂、常食乳类及乳制品、母亲年龄较大是保护因素(P＜0.05).结论 儿童血铅含量≥100 μg/L检出率高于发达国家,铅暴露是我国儿童的公共卫生问题.儿童血铅状况受外环境和自身多因素影响.政府及社会应以环境干预切断污染源为手段,以营养干预健康教育为方法,减少儿童铅暴露及其危害.
目的 瞭解我國學前兒童血鉛狀況及其影響因素.方法 2004年起連續5年採用分層整群隨機抽樣法抽取銀川、西安、成都、武漢、閤肥、北京、長沙、哈爾濱、鄭州、呼和浩特、石傢莊、海口、大連、青島、廣州、南寧各城市相同城區固定幼兒園及社區的69 968名0～6歲兒童進行問捲調查,原子吸收法測定其血鉛含量.結果 (1)5年兒童血鉛含量≥100μg/L平均檢齣率為7.57%,血鉛平均水平為(45.00±2.05)μg/L,均低于我國既往調查.2004-2008年兒童血鉛含量≥100 μg/L檢齣率分彆為10.03%、7.85%、7.40%、6.91%、4.78%(x2=297.36,P＜0.0001).2004-2008年兒童血鉛平均含量≥100μg/L檢齣率海口12.15%、鄭州10.49%、廣州10.37%、石傢莊9.69%、長沙9.53%、西安9.46%、武漢9.40%、閤肥8.50%、成都7.99%、銀川7.98%、哈爾濱7.51%、北京6.10%、大連3.25%、呼和浩特2.89%、南寧2.46%、青島2.39%(x2=768.21,P＜0.0001).(2)Logistic迴歸分析:母親文化程度低、兒童年齡大、常咬文具/玩具、男性、在交通繁忙地帶散步/玩耍時間較長、進食前不洗手、常食爆米花、常服中草藥、常吸吮手指啃指甲、住房樓層低、室內牆皮脫落、常玩橡皮泥、住所週圍有油漆/蓄電池/煉鋼鐵/煉油/印刷廠、離主榦道較近是其血鉛含量≥100μg/L的危險因素.散居、常服鈣、鐵、鋅製劑、常食乳類及乳製品、母親年齡較大是保護因素(P＜0.05).結論 兒童血鉛含量≥100 μg/L檢齣率高于髮達國傢,鉛暴露是我國兒童的公共衛生問題.兒童血鉛狀況受外環境和自身多因素影響.政府及社會應以環境榦預切斷汙染源為手段,以營養榦預健康教育為方法,減少兒童鉛暴露及其危害.
목적 료해아국학전인동혈연상황급기영향인소.방법 2004년기련속5년채용분층정군수궤추양법추취은천、서안、성도、무한、합비、북경、장사、합이빈、정주、호화호특、석가장、해구、대련、청도、엄주、남저각성시상동성구고정유인완급사구적69 968명0～6세인동진행문권조사,원자흡수법측정기혈연함량.결과 (1)5년인동혈연함량≥100μg/L평균검출솔위7.57%,혈연평균수평위(45.00±2.05)μg/L,균저우아국기왕조사.2004-2008년인동혈연함량≥100 μg/L검출솔분별위10.03%、7.85%、7.40%、6.91%、4.78%(x2=297.36,P＜0.0001).2004-2008년인동혈연평균함량≥100μg/L검출솔해구12.15%、정주10.49%、엄주10.37%、석가장9.69%、장사9.53%、서안9.46%、무한9.40%、합비8.50%、성도7.99%、은천7.98%、합이빈7.51%、북경6.10%、대련3.25%、호화호특2.89%、남저2.46%、청도2.39%(x2=768.21,P＜0.0001).(2)Logistic회귀분석:모친문화정도저、인동년령대、상교문구/완구、남성、재교통번망지대산보/완사시간교장、진식전불세수、상식폭미화、상복중초약、상흡전수지습지갑、주방루층저、실내장피탈락、상완상피니、주소주위유유칠/축전지/련강철/련유/인쇄엄、리주간도교근시기혈연함량≥100μg/L적위험인소.산거、상복개、철、자제제、상식유류급유제품、모친년령교대시보호인소(P＜0.05).결론 인동혈연함량≥100 μg/L검출솔고우발체국가,연폭로시아국인동적공공위생문제.인동혈연상황수외배경화자신다인소영향.정부급사회응이배경간예절단오염원위수단,이영양간예건강교육위방법,감소인동연폭로급기위해.
Objective To investigate the blood lead status and influencing factors among preschool children in the sampling city. Method Stratified-clustered-random sampling was used. Standardized questionnaire and peripheral blood samples were obtained from 69 968 children aged 0-6 years in fixed kindergartens and communities of Yinchuan, Xi'an, Chengdu, Wuhan, Hefei, Beijing, Harbin,Zhengzhou,Huhhot,Shijiazhuang,Haikou,Dalian,Qingdao,Guangzhou,Nanning and Changsha from 2004 to 2008,respectively.Tungsten atomic absorbtion spectrophotometry was employed to determine the blood lead level of children. Result The proportion of children with blood lead level ≥ 100 μg/L was 7.57%(among which the proportion of high blood lead level,mild lead poisoning,moderate lead poisoning,severe lead poisoning were 91.0% ,2.76% ,3.32% ,2.93%,respectively)and the blood leadlevel was lower than those of the past studies.The proportion of high blood lead level has steadily declined from 2004 to 2008 [the proportions were 10.03%,7.85%,7.40%,6.91% and 4.78%,respectively (x2 =297.36,P＜ 0.0001)].The proportion of children with blood lead level ≥ 100 μg/L in Haikou,Zhengzhou,Guangzhou,Shijiazhuang,Changsha ,Xi'an,Wuhan,Hefei,Chengdu,Yinchuan,Harbin,Beijing,Dalian,Huhhot,Nanning and Qingdao were 12.15%,10.49%,10.37%,9.69%,9.53%,9.46%,9.40%,8.50%,7.99%,7.98%,7.51%,6.10%,3.25%,2.89%,2.46% and 2.39%,respectively(x2 =768.21,P＜ 0.0001).By multiple regression method,the risk factors which influenced blood lead status of children were education status of mother,older children,behavior and dietary habit of children,boy,stay for long time in traffic busy areas,the type of housing,taking traditional Chinese and herbal medicine.The protective factors against lead poisoning in children mainly included scattered living,the nutritional status of calcium,iron,zinc,frequent intake of milk,and older mother.Conclusion The blood lead level of children has decreased,but is still higher than those in developed countries. Lead exposure remains a public health issue which affects children most. The blood lead level of children is affected by multiple factors. Government and the whole society should pay attention to interrupt the lead pollutant and to promote nutritional health education.With all these efforts,it is possible to stop the progress of lead exposure and reduce its hazardous effects on the growth and development of children.
