CAJ | 학술논문

比喻是一种用跟甲物有相似点的乙物来描述或说明甲物的语言表达方式,它一般由本体、喻体、相似点和比喻标记词四个基本要素构成。比喻的本体与喻体分属于不同的认知域,因此对比喻的理解通常是一个认知范畴的甲物向另一认知范畴的乙物的投射过程。比喻性表达具有形象、生动、化抽象为具体的修辞效果。比喻的次类（包括明喻、暗喻、借喻、比拟等）各自具有不同的认知机制,它一般以两种语言形式存在：即活比喻和死比喻。
비유시일충용근갑물유상사점적을물래묘술혹설명갑물적어언표체방식,타일반유본체、유체、상사점화비유표기사사개기본요소구성。비유적본체여유체분속우불동적인지역,인차대비유적리해통상시일개인지범주적갑물향령일인지범주적을물적투사과정。비유성표체구유형상、생동、화추상위구체적수사효과。비유적차류（포괄명유、암유、차유、비의등）각자구유불동적인지궤제,타일반이량충어언형식존재：즉활비유화사비유。
Trope generally contains four basic elements： source,target,similarity and mark.It is a way of language expression which the source is described or explained by the target.The source and target of trope have similarity,but they belong to the different cognitive domains.Therefore,understanding of trope is a projection process that A of a cognitive category is projected to B of another cognitive category.The expression of trope may bring vivid rhetorical effect.Trope exists in two ways that are dead and living language form.Its classification includes simile,metaphor,metonymy and analogy which have the different cognitive mechanisms.