动物学研究
動物學研究
동물학연구
ZOOLOGICAL RESEARCH
2001年
1期
77-82
,共6页
细胞核%起源%早期进化观点%研究途径%原始核
細胞覈%起源%早期進化觀點%研究途徑%原始覈
세포핵%기원%조기진화관점%연구도경%원시핵
细胞核的起源是真核细胞进化形成的关键。回顾了过去几十年国内外对细胞核起源问题的探索历程。通过多年的摸索找到了一条切实可行的探索细胞核起源问题的途径。其要点是：在一系列的进化环节中首先抓住原始性的细胞核这一重要环节，探明原始性细胞核的特性，解决了从原始核到典型细胞核的进化问题，原始性细胞核自身的起源问题也就有了基础。为探察原始性细胞核的特性，需要在现存的原生生物中间寻找最原始的类群，然后对它们的细胞核进行尽可能深入地和多方面地研究，对所得结果作进化地分析，以期提出一个原始性细胞核的模型。依据这个模型也就可以对典型细胞核的进化形成和原始核自身的起源作出推论。而这些推论是可以设法加以检验的。不仅可以检验这些推论的正确性，而且对原始核模型的建立也是重要的，可以据之加以发展，修正，甚至否定。沿此途径已经否定了原始性细胞核的涡鞭毛虫核模型，进而提出了双滴虫核模型。
細胞覈的起源是真覈細胞進化形成的關鍵。迴顧瞭過去幾十年國內外對細胞覈起源問題的探索歷程。通過多年的摸索找到瞭一條切實可行的探索細胞覈起源問題的途徑。其要點是：在一繫列的進化環節中首先抓住原始性的細胞覈這一重要環節，探明原始性細胞覈的特性，解決瞭從原始覈到典型細胞覈的進化問題，原始性細胞覈自身的起源問題也就有瞭基礎。為探察原始性細胞覈的特性，需要在現存的原生生物中間尋找最原始的類群，然後對它們的細胞覈進行儘可能深入地和多方麵地研究，對所得結果作進化地分析，以期提齣一箇原始性細胞覈的模型。依據這箇模型也就可以對典型細胞覈的進化形成和原始覈自身的起源作齣推論。而這些推論是可以設法加以檢驗的。不僅可以檢驗這些推論的正確性，而且對原始覈模型的建立也是重要的，可以據之加以髮展，脩正，甚至否定。沿此途徑已經否定瞭原始性細胞覈的渦鞭毛蟲覈模型，進而提齣瞭雙滴蟲覈模型。
세포핵적기원시진핵세포진화형성적관건。회고료과거궤십년국내외대세포핵기원문제적탐색역정。통과다년적모색조도료일조절실가행적탐색세포핵기원문제적도경。기요점시：재일계렬적진화배절중수선조주원시성적세포핵저일중요배절，탐명원시성세포핵적특성，해결료종원시핵도전형세포핵적진화문제，원시성세포핵자신적기원문제야취유료기출。위탐찰원시성세포핵적특성，수요재현존적원생생물중간심조최원시적류군，연후대타문적세포핵진행진가능심입지화다방면지연구，대소득결과작진화지분석，이기제출일개원시성세포핵적모형。의거저개모형야취가이대전형세포핵적진화형성화원시핵자신적기원작출추론。이저사추론시가이설법가이검험적。불부가이검험저사추론적정학성，이차대원시핵모형적건립야시중요적，가이거지가이발전，수정，심지부정。연차도경이경부정료원시성세포핵적와편모충핵모형，진이제출료쌍적충핵모형。
The cell nucleus as the controller of all genetic and physiological activities within the cell，is the most prominent marker of eukaryotic cells.The formation of the cell nucleus is the key event during the origin of eukaryotic cells.The first appearance of the primitive cell nucleus indicates the emergence of the first eukaryotic cell.The research on the origin of the cell nucleus not only enriches the modern cell biology and evolutionary biology，but might also even influence the further development of the molecular cell biology by stimulating cell biologists to consider the significance of the viewpoint of evolution to cell researches.
However，for a long time，on the origin of the cell nucleus there were only several reckless and assumptions and a few earnest efforts which were unsuccessful or only indirectly related to the formation of the nucleus.One of the main reasons for this situation seems to be the lack of a practical way for the study.
Through searching for a long time we found a way.The essential point of the way is to consider the comprehension of the primitive nucleus as the key link for understanding the whole process of and early evolution of the cell nucleus.We have already known that the prokaryotic ancestor of eukaryotes must be one kind of ancient archaea (Li，1999).The primitive cell nucleus should be an intermediate link between the archaeal nucleoid and the typical cell nucleus.In order to obtain some features of the original nucleus，We' d better study the most primitive protists we can find today and investigate all aspects of their cell nucleus thoroughly.Then，combined with the present knowledge on archaea we would be able to propose a hypothetical model for the primitive cell nucleus，and arrange various possible experiments to examine it from various aspects in order to test，to modify，to improve it，or replace it with a new one.Along this way，we would finally obtain a convincing model of the primitive cell nucleus.Then，combined the model with the present knowledge on archaea，protists and eukaryotic cells we could establish an all-sided hypothesis on the origin and early evolution of the cell nucleus for further examinations.Further along this way we would closer and closer approach the real evolutionary process.
This is a realistic way.Along this way we have already negated the dinoflagellate nucleus model and the related hypothesis and established the diplomonad nucleus model for the primitive cell nucleus and proposed a rather complete theory on the origin and early revolution of the cell nucleus，including the origins of nuclear envelope，eukaryotic chromosomes and nucleolus (Li，1999).
