CAJ | 학술논문

1999年, 2000年和2002年,在西藏西北部的西藏羌塘自然保护区分别沿三条横跨该自然保护区的长度为750-860 km的东西向样线估计了藏羚(Pantholops hodgsoni)、藏野驴(Equus kiang)和藏原羚(Procapra picticaudata)密度(每平方公里个体数)和遇见率(每平方公里遇见个体数).在低海拔 (4 500-4 700 m)地区,藏羚、藏野驴和藏原羚数量很少,在那些人类活动强度高或中等的地区,藏羚、藏野驴和藏原羚的数量也极少,以致无法估计密度或遇见率.在高海拔 (4 700 - 5 200 m)地区,藏羚和藏野驴数量在那些人类和家畜活动强度低的地区,数量总比那些中等人类活动强度的地区高,尽管藏羚的数量差别比藏野驴小.藏原羚的情形不一样,在人类活动强度低或中等的地区的遇见率相仿.在某种程度上,这种差别可能与这些动物的生境偏好有关.看起来,藏原羚、其次是藏野驴比藏羚更能耐受人类和家畜的活动.注意到这三种动物在人类和家畜活动低的地区的结果方差都大,表明三种动物在有人类和家畜活动低的地区与在那些中等人类和家畜活动地区的分布相反的成群分布.三年中有蹄类动物遇见率的模式都相似,在调查期间有蹄类动物种群没有波动的趋势
1999년, 2000년화2002년,재서장서북부적서장강당자연보호구분별연삼조횡과해자연보호구적장도위750-860 km적동서향양선고계료장령(Pantholops hodgsoni)、장야려(Equus kiang)화장원령(Procapra picticaudata)밀도(매평방공리개체수)화우견솔(매평방공리우견개체수).재저해발 (4 500-4 700 m)지구,장령、장야려화장원령수량흔소,재나사인류활동강도고혹중등적지구,장령、장야려화장원령적수량야겁소,이치무법고계밀도혹우견솔.재고해발 (4 700 - 5 200 m)지구,장령화장야려수량재나사인류화가축활동강도저적지구,수량총비나사중등인류활동강도적지구고,진관장령적수량차별비장야려소.장원령적정형불일양,재인류활동강도저혹중등적지구적우견솔상방.재모충정도상,저충차별가능여저사동물적생경편호유관.간기래,장원령、기차시장야려비장령경능내수인류화가축적활동.주의도저삼충동물재인류화가축활동저적지구적결과방차도대,표명삼충동물재유인류화가축활동저적지구여재나사중등인류화가축활동지구적분포상반적성군분포.삼년중유제류동물우견솔적모식도상사,재조사기간유제류동물충군몰유파동적추세
Chiru or Tibetan antelope Pantholops hodgsoni, Kiang or Tibetan wild ass Equus kiang, and Tibetan gazelle Procapra picticaudata density (number of individuals km-2) and encounter rates (the number of observed animal clusters km-1) were estimated on three similar 750 - 860 km west-to-east traverses across the Chang Tang Nature Reserve in northwest Tibet, conducted in 1999, 2000 and 2002. All three species were scarce at the lowest elevations encountered (4 500 - 4 700 m) and were too few in these areas of moderate to high human and livestock presence to permit reliable density or encounter rate estimation. All species were generally too sparse in areas of high human/livestock presence to permit consistent density and/or encounter rate estimation. At higher elevations (4 700 - 5 200 m) densities of chiru and kiang were consistently greater in areas of low human/livestock presence than in areas of medium presence, although for kiang differences were much less than for chiru. For Tibetan gazelle, the pattern was different with encounter rates similar in areas of low and medium human and livestock presence. The differences may be related to some extent to species habitat preference, but it appears that gazelle, and to a lesser extent kiang, may tolerate human/livestock presence more than chiru. Noticeable within the results was a higher variance for all three species in areas of low human presence, indicating a more clumped distribution of wildlife in these as opposed to areas of medium human presence. The ungulates encounter rate patterns along the traverse were similar in all three years; there was no indication of population trends over this period