CAJ | 학술논문

目的调查电子行业流动女工职业健康和生殖健康状况。方法选择电子行业流动女工作为调查对象，填写个人调查表、企业调查表。全部数据录入EpiData数据库，应用SPSS 17.0统计软件进行分析。结果共发放问卷2000份，回收问卷1971份，有效问卷网收率为98.6％。流动女工平均年龄(21.1±3.9)岁；小于16岁为实习工，占1.32％; 16-18岁为实习工或未成年工，占19.04％；30岁以下占95.31％。从事本行业工龄(1.1±2.2)年，未婚占89.30％，已婚占10.56％，离异占0.11％。主要职业性危害因素有氢氧化钠、碳酸钠、甲醛、盐酸、二氧化锡、三苯、正己烷、甲醇、乙二醇、异丙醇、硫酸、氮氧化物、噪声、紫外线等。现场监测中发现，波峰焊岗位苯超标，冲压、运行、铜线岗位噪声超标，曝光岗位紫外线超标。电子行业83.1％的女工每月工作超过22 d，54.52％的女工每日工作超过8h，72.09％的女工需要经常加班，无工间休息者占27.92％。工效学方面：63.86％的女工需要长期重复单调动作，41.8％的女工需要连续站立工作，13.46％的女工需要搬动重物。流动女工腰酸背痛占29.60％。15.99％的流动女工发生过意外伤害。失眠、多梦占21.21％，听力减退占17.49％，头痛、头晕占15.00％。月经周期异常发生率为5.71％,痛经发生率为25.11％，淤血发生率为8.91％。生殖系统疾病前四位主要为盆腔炎、子宫附件炎、宫颈糜烂、阴道炎。有无连续站立、有无重复动作两组痛经比较，差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)，工作时间是否大于8h、有无连续站立两组淤血情况比较，差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01)。结论电子行业存在较多职业性危害因素，流动女工职业健康和生殖健康问题不容忽视。
목적 조사전자행업류동녀공직업건강화생식건강상황。방법 선택전자행업류동녀공작위조사대상，전사개인조사표、기업조사표。전부수거록입EpiData수거고，응용SPSS 17.0통계연건진행분석。결과 공발방문권2000빈，회수문권1971빈，유효문권망수솔위98.6％。류동녀공평균년령(21.1±3.9)세；소우16세위실습공，점1.32％; 16-18세위실습공혹미성년공，점19.04％；30세이하점95.31％。종사본행업공령(1.1±2.2)년，미혼점89.30％，이혼점10.56％，리이점0.11％。주요직업성위해인소유경양화납、탄산납、갑철、염산、이양화석、삼분、정기완、갑순、을이순、이병순、류산、담양화물、조성、자외선등。현장감측중발현，파봉한강위분초표，충압、운행、동선강위조성초표，폭광강위자외선초표。전자행업83.1％적녀공매월공작초과22 d，54.52％적녀공매일공작초과8h，72.09％적녀공수요경상가반，무공간휴식자점27.92％。공효학방면：63.86％적녀공수요장기중복단조동작，41.8％적녀공수요련속참립공작，13.46％적녀공수요반동중물。류동녀공요산배통점29.60％。15.99％적류동녀공발생과의외상해。실면、다몽점21.21％，은력감퇴점17.49％，두통、두훈점15.00％。월경주기이상발생솔위5.71％,통경발생솔위25.11％，어혈발생솔위8.91％。생식계통질병전사위주요위분강염、자궁부건염、궁경미란、음도염。유무련속참립、유무중복동작량조통경비교，차이유통계학의의(P＜0.05)，공작시간시부대우8h、유무련속참립량조어혈정황비교，차이유통계학의의(P＜0.01)。결론 전자행업존재교다직업성위해인소，류동녀공직업건강화생식건강문제불용홀시。
Objective To explore the occupational and reproductive health problems of migrant female workers in electron factory. Methods A total number of 2000 female migrant workers were randomly sampled from three electronic factories for the study. All were investigated by questionnaire and data were input to EpiData 3.0 data base,SPSSl7.0 statistical software and analyzed by Chi-square test. Results 1971 complete questionnaires were received, the recovery rate reached over 98.6％.The average age of interviewees is (21.1 ±3.9)years. Junior employee between 16 and 18 years accounted for 19.04％. The average working age was (1.1±2.2)years and about 90％ were single including 0.11％ of them were divorced.The main occupational hazards were:sodium hydroxide,sodium carbonate, formaldehyde, hydrochloric acid, stannic anhydride, benzene analogues,n-hexane methanol, glycol isopropanol, sulphuric acid, nitric oxide, noise, ultraviolet radiation, etc. Workplace monitoring indicated that benzene and noise levels and ultraviolet radiation were over the national OEL at fewer worksites. More than 50％ female workers worked over 8 hours per day and 83％ of them worked 22 days per month. The ergonomic problems: 63.86％ of them worked with tedious repetitiveness and monotonous job task.About 42％ of them need to be continuously with standing posture. As a consequence, there were 30％ workers complain about LBP, 21％ had experienced work injury; 15％～18％ had some non-specific discomfort, such as insomnia, dysacusis, dizzy and headache .The incidence rate of reproductive system such as abnormal menstrual cycle (5.71％), dysmenorrhea (25.11％ ), congestion (8.91％), etc. The first four reproductive system disease were pelvic inflammation, adnexitis,cervical erosion,and vaginitis. There are significant differences between continuous and temporary standing work, and repeated and unrepeated job action in terms of dysmenorrheal and congestion related-discomfort (P＜0.05). Conclusion There are many occupational hazards in electronic industry. And there is somewhat a serious occupational and reproductive health problems among female migrant workers, that seem to be a matter of great concern.