CAJ | 학술논문

目的了解广州地Ⅸ3～6岁学龄前儿童的屈光状况及视力发育情况.方法随机选取广州市不同行政区的10所幼儿园,对其巾3～6岁学龄前儿童的屈光状态及视力进行检查.使用1%环戊酮麻痹睫状肌后,进行电脑验光检查,并用带状光检影复查;48 h后使用EDTRS视力表行主觉验光,记录最佳矫正视力.最后按年龄分组,对屈光及视力资料进行one-way ANOVA及Bonferroni统计学分析.结果共2480名儿童完成检查,其中,3岁组男201例,女172例;4岁组男434例,女384例;5岁组男437例,女410例;6岁组男238例,女204例.各组的平均年龄分别为(43.3±2.8)个月、(53.8±3.3)个月、(65.5±3.4)个月及(75.1±2.6)个月.各年龄组的等效球镜度分别为(1.66±0.70)D、(1.67±0.80)D、(1.59±0.81)D及(1.48±0.72)D,4组之间等效球镜度的差异存在统计学意义(F=12.39.P=0.000);以Bonferroni法进行两两比较发现,除3岁组与4岁组以及3岁组与5岁组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.008)外.其余各组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.008).3岁组、4岁组、5岁组及6岁组的LogMAR视力分别为0.26±0.14、0.18±0.10、0.13±0.08及0.10±0.08,4组之间视力的差异存在统计学意义(F=406.2,P=0.000);以Bonferroni法进行两两比较发现,任意两组间的差异均有统计学意义(P=0.000).结论对于3～6岁学龄前儿童,眼球屈光度向远视减小方向发展符合正视化过程的规律,他们的生理性远视的等效球镜度相差不大,都接近+1.50 D;同时,视力随年龄增加而逐步提高,提示在弱视诊断时,应该将正常视力发育状况作为参考.
목적 료해엄주지Ⅸ3～6세학령전인동적굴광상황급시력발육정황.방법 수궤선취엄주시불동행정구적10소유인완,대기건3～6세학령전인동적굴광상태급시력진행검사.사용1%배무동마비첩상기후,진행전뇌험광검사,병용대상광검영복사;48 h후사용EDTRS시력표행주각험광,기록최가교정시력.최후안년령분조,대굴광급시력자료진행one-way ANOVA급Bonferroni통계학분석.결과 공2480명인동완성검사,기중,3세조남201례,녀172례;4세조남434례,녀384례;5세조남437례,녀410례;6세조남238례,녀204례.각조적평균년령분별위(43.3±2.8)개월、(53.8±3.3)개월、(65.5±3.4)개월급(75.1±2.6)개월.각년령조적등효구경도분별위(1.66±0.70)D、(1.67±0.80)D、(1.59±0.81)D급(1.48±0.72)D,4조지간등효구경도적차이존재통계학의의(F=12.39.P=0.000);이Bonferroni법진행량량비교발현,제3세조여4세조이급3세조여5세조지간차이무통계학의의(P>0.008)외.기여각조간차이균유통계학의의(P<0.008).3세조、4세조、5세조급6세조적LogMAR시력분별위0.26±0.14、0.18±0.10、0.13±0.08급0.10±0.08,4조지간시력적차이존재통계학의의(F=406.2,P=0.000);이Bonferroni법진행량량비교발현,임의량조간적차이균유통계학의의(P=0.000).결론 대우3～6세학령전인동,안구굴광도향원시감소방향발전부합정시화과정적규률,타문적생이성원시적등효구경도상차불대,도접근+1.50 D;동시,시력수년령증가이축보제고,제시재약시진단시,응해장정상시력발육상황작위삼고.
Objective To investigate the refractive error and best corrective visual acuity of preschoolers aged 3 to 6 years. Methods Ten kindergartens were randomly selected from different districts in the Guangzhou area. Refractive error and best corrected visual acuity of the preschoolers were measured. Refractive error was determined by an autorefractor, which was rechecked by cycloplegic retinoscopy with cyclopentolate. Best corrected visual acuity was measured with an EDTRS vision chart. Data was analyzed with one-way ANOVA using Bonferroni correction. Results Two thousand four hundred and eighty children were examined in the study. There were 201 boys and 172 girls in the 3-year-old group and 434/384, 437/410, 238/204 in the 4-, 5- and 6-year-old groups, respectively. The mean ages in months were 43.3±2.8, 53.8±3.3, 65.5±3.4 and 75.1 ±2.6, respectively. The spherical equivalent refractions of the corresponding age groups were (1.66±0.70)D, (1.67±0.80)D, (1.59±0.81)D and (1.48±0.72)D, respectively. And the differences among the groups were statistically significant (P=0.000). The Bonferroni multiple comparisons showed that the difference between any pair of groups was statistically significant, except for that between the 3-year-old and 4-year-old groups, and between the 3-year-old and 5-year-old groups. The best corrected visual acuities on the LogMAR scale for the corresponding age groups were 0.26±0.14, 0.18±0.10, 0.13± 0.08 and 0.10±0.08, respectively. The difference among groups was statistically significant (P=0.000). The Bonferroni multiple comparisons between any pair of groups were also statistically significant (P=0.000). Conclusion Hyperopic refractive error gradually decreases with an increase of age during the 3rd to 6th years. The norms of the best corrected visual acuity shows a slow rise during this period, which indicates that age is an indispensable factor in making a diagnosis of amblyopia in children.