CAJ | 학술논문

通过对大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)异质雌核发育一代群体(meio-G_1)与二代群体(meio-G_2)微卫星位点的纯合度进行分析,研究异质雌核发育对大黄鱼基因纯化的效率.结果显示:meio-G1和meio-G215个微卫星座位的平均纯合度分别为0.661和0.803,纯合位点比例最高个体分别为0.867(13/15)和0.933(14/15),两个群体内个体间的平均相似系数分别为0.5903和0.8672,最高分别达0.9286和1.0(遗传距离为0.0741和0),远高于两性交配繁殖群体(平均纯合度0.376,平均相似系数0.4687,个体间最小遗传距离0.2288);其中meio-G_2群体有7个位点(46.7%)已经完全纯合同定,并与普通养殖群体产生较明显的遗传分化;表明人工诱导异质雌核发育可大大加速大黄鱼大多数基因位点的纯合,是快速建立高纯品系的有效手段.但不同位点的纯合度差异很大,部分位点在异质雌核发育后代中迅速纯合,在meio-G_1中就达到很高的纯合度,而有些位点则在meio-G_1和meio-G_2中仍保持很高的杂合度;meio-G_1和meio-G_2群体中不同个体纯合位点比例差异也很大.研究培育的雌核发育群体为大黄鱼进一步选育提供了良好的遗传材料.
통과대대황어(Pseudosciaena crocea)이질자핵발육일대군체(meio-G_1)여이대군체(meio-G_2)미위성위점적순합도진행분석,연구이질자핵발육대대황어기인순화적효솔.결과현시:meio-G1화meio-G215개미위성좌위적평균순합도분별위0.661화0.803,순합위점비례최고개체분별위0.867(13/15)화0.933(14/15),량개군체내개체간적평균상사계수분별위0.5903화0.8672,최고분별체0.9286화1.0(유전거리위0.0741화0),원고우량성교배번식군체(평균순합도0.376,평균상사계수0.4687,개체간최소유전거리0.2288);기중meio-G_2군체유7개위점(46.7%)이경완전순합동정,병여보통양식군체산생교명현적유전분화;표명인공유도이질자핵발육가대대가속대황어대다수기인위점적순합,시쾌속건립고순품계적유효수단.단불동위점적순합도차이흔대,부분위점재이질자핵발육후대중신속순합,재meio-G_1중취체도흔고적순합도,이유사위점칙재meio-G_1화meio-G_2중잉보지흔고적잡합도;meio-G_1화meio-G_2군체중불동개체순합위점비례차이야흔대.연구배육적자핵발육군체위대황어진일보선육제공료량호적유전재료.
Artificial induction of gynogenesis is one kind of chromosome manipulation with several applications, ineluding rapid establishment of inbred lines or strains with high degree of homozygosity, sex-control, and accelerated elimination of recessive deleterious genes from aquaculture population. In our laboratory, meiotic gynogenetic populations meio-G_1 (the first generation) and meio-G_2 (the second generation) were successfully produced in large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea Richardson 1846). To assess the efficiency to pure gene for artificial meiotic gynogenesis in large yellow croaker, the homozygosity of the meio-gynogenetic populations for meio-G_1 and meio-G_2 was studied with microsatellite markers. The results showed that the average homozygosity among the fifteen analyzed loci were 0.661 and 0.803 in meio-G_1 and meio-G_2, respectively, which were much higher than that in the natural mating population (0.376 for the average homozygosity). The average similarity coefficient between individuals within meio-G_1 and meio-G_2 were 0.5903 and 0.8672, respectively, which were also higher than that in the natural mating population (0.4687 for the average similarity index between individuals). Value of diversity coefficient (Fst), genetic similarity and genetic distance showed significant genetic differentiation between the populations of meio-G_2 and the natural mating population. Besides, seven out of analyzed loci (46.7%) were fixed in meio-G_2, showing that the homozygosity of most genes can be accelerated by inducing meiotic gynogenesis in large yellow croaker. However, purity is hard to achieve in some loci for their telomerical location. For these loci, homozygosity can be gained by inducing mito-gynogenesis or control cross between individuals having same genotype. The information obtained in the study suggested that artificially induced meiotic gynogenesis is an efficient inbreeding method to pure the genome and increase the speed to establish pure-lines of large yellow croaker. The meio-gynogenetie populations cultivated in the study are useful for further selective breeding program.