目的 观察模拟航天失重状态下呼吸道感染肺炎链球菌后抗感染能力的变化,为航天医疗保障提供依据.方法 建立模拟失重状态下大鼠链球菌肺炎模型,将32只健康雄性清洁级Wistar大鼠按随机数字表法分为4组:悬吊注菌组(A组)、悬吊未注菌组(B组)、未悬吊注菌组(C组)及未悬吊未注菌组(D组),每组8只,采用国内外公认成熟的尾悬吊法(身体纵轴与水平面约成30°)模拟失重状态,悬吊第4天通过气管捕管法将0.4ml(细菌浓度约9.0×108 CFU/ml)的标准肺炎链球菌菌株(ATCC6303,血清型3型,美国菌种保藏中心保存)注入肺组织,建立肺炎链球菌感染模型,对照组同时注入同等量的无菌生理盐水,仅注入1次.悬吊7d后取材,测定血常规、C反应蛋白及CD4+/CD8+.观察肺组织(每组均取右肺上叶)的炎症反应,并测量实验前后动物体重的变化.结果 A组肺组织表面凹凸不平,呈颗粒样改变,光镜下可见较严重的肺淤血和小静脉、毛细血管充盈扩张,肺泡融合增多,肺泡间隔增厚及肺泡腔受压变形,B、C组也可见部分上述改变,但程度较轻.各组间白细胞总数未见明显差异(F=1.57,P=0.22)；A组中性粒细胞数为(2.4±0.5)×109/L,B组为(2.0±0.3)×109/L,C组为(1.7±0.4)×109/L,均高于D组的(1.2±0.2)×109/L(u值分别为0、1.0和8.5,均P＜0.05),A组与C组比较,差异有统计学意义(u=9.0,P=0.02).中性粒细胞百分比A组为0.26±0.04,高于C组的0.19±0.05(u =8.5,P=0.01)；B组为0.23±0.03,C组为0.19±0.05,均高于D组的0.15±0.02(u值分别为2.0和13.0,均P＜0.05),而B组和C组比较差异无统计学意义(u=20.0,P=0.21)；各组淋巴细胞总数比较差异无统计学意义(F=0.72,P=0.55),但A组[(6.0±0.9)×109/L]低于D组[(6.3±0.6) ×109/L]；淋巴细胞百分比A组为0.66±0.08,B组为0.68±0.05,均低于D组的0.79±0.02 (F=10.24,P＜0.001).A组C反应蛋白为(11.9±2.2) g/L,明显高于D组的(1.5±0.8)g/L (u =0,P =0.001)；4组CD4+/CD8+比值无明显差别(F=1.23,P=0.32)；与其他组比较,A组体重减轻最明显,差异有统计学意义(F=122.07,P＜0.001).结论 失重状态下大鼠机体免疫功能降低,抗肺炎链球菌感染能力降低,肺部炎症反应更强,体重减轻更明显,需要给予相应的保障措施.
目的 觀察模擬航天失重狀態下呼吸道感染肺炎鏈毬菌後抗感染能力的變化,為航天醫療保障提供依據.方法 建立模擬失重狀態下大鼠鏈毬菌肺炎模型,將32隻健康雄性清潔級Wistar大鼠按隨機數字錶法分為4組:懸弔註菌組(A組)、懸弔未註菌組(B組)、未懸弔註菌組(C組)及未懸弔未註菌組(D組),每組8隻,採用國內外公認成熟的尾懸弔法(身體縱軸與水平麵約成30°)模擬失重狀態,懸弔第4天通過氣管捕管法將0.4ml(細菌濃度約9.0×108 CFU/ml)的標準肺炎鏈毬菌菌株(ATCC6303,血清型3型,美國菌種保藏中心保存)註入肺組織,建立肺炎鏈毬菌感染模型,對照組同時註入同等量的無菌生理鹽水,僅註入1次.懸弔7d後取材,測定血常規、C反應蛋白及CD4+/CD8+.觀察肺組織(每組均取右肺上葉)的炎癥反應,併測量實驗前後動物體重的變化.結果 A組肺組織錶麵凹凸不平,呈顆粒樣改變,光鏡下可見較嚴重的肺淤血和小靜脈、毛細血管充盈擴張,肺泡融閤增多,肺泡間隔增厚及肺泡腔受壓變形,B、C組也可見部分上述改變,但程度較輕.各組間白細胞總數未見明顯差異(F=1.57,P=0.22)；A組中性粒細胞數為(2.4±0.5)×109/L,B組為(2.0±0.3)×109/L,C組為(1.7±0.4)×109/L,均高于D組的(1.2±0.2)×109/L(u值分彆為0、1.0和8.5,均P＜0.05),A組與C組比較,差異有統計學意義(u=9.0,P=0.02).中性粒細胞百分比A組為0.26±0.04,高于C組的0.19±0.05(u =8.5,P=0.01)；B組為0.23±0.03,C組為0.19±0.05,均高于D組的0.15±0.02(u值分彆為2.0和13.0,均P＜0.05),而B組和C組比較差異無統計學意義(u=20.0,P=0.21)；各組淋巴細胞總數比較差異無統計學意義(F=0.72,P=0.55),但A組[(6.0±0.9)×109/L]低于D組[(6.3±0.6) ×109/L]；淋巴細胞百分比A組為0.66±0.08,B組為0.68±0.05,均低于D組的0.79±0.02 (F=10.24,P＜0.001).A組C反應蛋白為(11.9±2.2) g/L,明顯高于D組的(1.5±0.8)g/L (u =0,P =0.001)；4組CD4+/CD8+比值無明顯差彆(F=1.23,P=0.32)；與其他組比較,A組體重減輕最明顯,差異有統計學意義(F=122.07,P＜0.001).結論 失重狀態下大鼠機體免疫功能降低,抗肺炎鏈毬菌感染能力降低,肺部炎癥反應更彊,體重減輕更明顯,需要給予相應的保障措施.
목적 관찰모의항천실중상태하호흡도감염폐염련구균후항감염능력적변화,위항천의료보장제공의거.방법 건립모의실중상태하대서련구균폐염모형,장32지건강웅성청길급Wistar대서안수궤수자표법분위4조:현조주균조(A조)、현조미주균조(B조)、미현조주균조(C조)급미현조미주균조(D조),매조8지,채용국내외공인성숙적미현조법(신체종축여수평면약성30°)모의실중상태,현조제4천통과기관포관법장0.4ml(세균농도약9.0×108 CFU/ml)적표준폐염련구균균주(ATCC6303,혈청형3형,미국균충보장중심보존)주입폐조직,건립폐염련구균감염모형,대조조동시주입동등량적무균생리염수,부주입1차.현조7d후취재,측정혈상규、C반응단백급CD4+/CD8+.관찰폐조직(매조균취우폐상협)적염증반응,병측량실험전후동물체중적변화.결과 A조폐조직표면요철불평,정과립양개변,광경하가견교엄중적폐어혈화소정맥、모세혈관충영확장,폐포융합증다,폐포간격증후급폐포강수압변형,B、C조야가견부분상술개변,단정도교경.각조간백세포총수미견명현차이(F=1.57,P=0.22)；A조중성립세포수위(2.4±0.5)×109/L,B조위(2.0±0.3)×109/L,C조위(1.7±0.4)×109/L,균고우D조적(1.2±0.2)×109/L(u치분별위0、1.0화8.5,균P＜0.05),A조여C조비교,차이유통계학의의(u=9.0,P=0.02).중성립세포백분비A조위0.26±0.04,고우C조적0.19±0.05(u =8.5,P=0.01)；B조위0.23±0.03,C조위0.19±0.05,균고우D조적0.15±0.02(u치분별위2.0화13.0,균P＜0.05),이B조화C조비교차이무통계학의의(u=20.0,P=0.21)；각조림파세포총수비교차이무통계학의의(F=0.72,P=0.55),단A조[(6.0±0.9)×109/L]저우D조[(6.3±0.6) ×109/L]；림파세포백분비A조위0.66±0.08,B조위0.68±0.05,균저우D조적0.79±0.02 (F=10.24,P＜0.001).A조C반응단백위(11.9±2.2) g/L,명현고우D조적(1.5±0.8)g/L (u =0,P =0.001)；4조CD4+/CD8+비치무명현차별(F=1.23,P=0.32)；여기타조비교,A조체중감경최명현,차이유통계학의의(F=122.07,P＜0.001).결론 실중상태하대서궤체면역공능강저,항폐염련구균감염능력강저,폐부염증반응경강,체중감경경명현,수요급여상응적보장조시.
Objective To study the changes of anti-Streptococcus pneumonia (SP) status in rats with simulated weightlessness, and therefore to provide theoretical basis for the aerospace medicine.Methods Thirty-two heahhy male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups:group A,the tailsuspension and SP group; group B,the tail-suspension without SP group; group C,the unsuspended but SP group; group D,the unsuspended and no SP group,with 8 rats in each.The tail-suspension method,i.e.about 30° head-down tilt,was used for the model of simulated microgravity.On day 4,0.4 ml of SP suspension [ ATCC6303,serotype Ⅲ (ATCC,bacteria concentration about 9.0 × 108 CFU/ml)] was instilled by tracheal intubation.Sterile saline was used for the control group.The experiment was ended after 7 days of tail-suspension.Lung pathology,blood test and C-reactive protein level were studied,and the CD4+/CD8+ ratios were measured by flow cytomctry.Results The lung pathological changes were much more severe in Group A as compared to those in Group B,C and D.The total number of WBC showed no significant difference among groups ( F =1.57,P =0.22).But the neutrophil number was higher in Group A [(2.4±0.53) ×109/L ],B [(2.0±0.31) ×109/L ]andC [(1.7±0.40) ×1099/L] as compared to Group D [(1.2±0.15) × 109/L],u =0.0001,P=0.001; u=l.0,P=0.001; u =8.5,P=0.013,respectively.The percentage of neutrophils showed a similar difference.The total number of lymphocytes showed no significant difference among groups ( F =0.720,P =0.548 ).CRP levels in the SP infection groups were significantly higher than those in the uninfected groups.The ratio of CD4+/CD8+ showed no difference among groups ( F =1.225,P =0.319 ).Weight loss after the experiment was most severe in Group A ( F =122.067,P ＜ 0.001 ). Conclusions In rats with simulated weightlessness,the antiinfective ability to Streptococcus pneumoniae was reduced,and the inflammatory response was significantly increased,but the anti-infective immunity was compromised.
