CAJ | 학술논문

为了给小麦抗倒性的评价提供简便易行的指标,以抗倒性不同的20个小麦品(系)为材料,研究了抽穗至成熟期茎秆基部第二节间鲜、干密度的变化特点,以及鲜、干密度与产量性状及其他形态与生理指标的关系.结果表明,小麦茎秆抗倒性强弱与基部节间茎秆鲜干密度值的大小密切相关;鲜密度随灌浆过程的进行基本呈递减趋势,在蜡熟期最低;在灌浆中期干密度较高但变化幅度较大的品种抗倒性较差.基部第二节间茎秆鲜、干密度与茎秆机械强度、单株鲜重、基部节间鲜干重、壁厚等形态生理指标呈极显著正相关,与倒伏指数呈极显著负相关,与不孕小穗数、单位面积穗数等产量性状呈极显著负相关.因此,直接利用基部节间茎秆鲜、干密度来评价小麦品种的抗倒性是可行的,通过提高基部节间茎秆的干密度可以实现抗倒性和产量的同步提高.
위료급소맥항도성적평개제공간편역행적지표,이항도성불동적20개소맥품(계)위재료,연구료추수지성숙기경간기부제이절간선、간밀도적변화특점,이급선、간밀도여산량성상급기타형태여생리지표적관계.결과표명,소맥경간항도성강약여기부절간경간선간밀도치적대소밀절상관;선밀도수관장과정적진행기본정체감추세,재사숙기최저;재관장중기간밀도교고단변화폭도교대적품충항도성교차.기부제이절간경간선、간밀도여경간궤계강도、단주선중、기부절간선간중、벽후등형태생리지표정겁현저정상관,여도복지수정겁현저부상관,여불잉소수수、단위면적수수등산량성상정겁현저부상관.인차,직접이용기부절간경간선、간밀도래평개소맥품충적항도성시가행적,통과제고기부절간경간적간밀도가이실현항도성화산량적동보제고.
In order to discover the characteristics closely related to plant lodging and provide some reference for the estimation of lodging-resistance in super-high yield breeding of wheat, twenty cultivars with different lodging-resistance were studied on the tendency features of the fresh and dry density of the second bottom elongate stem during the stages of heading to mature, and the relationship between stem density and yield characteristics, other morphological and physiological parameters. The results indicated that the lodging-resistance of wheat stem was closely related to the values of density of the bottom elongate stem. The fresh density declined following the process of growing, with the lowest values in mature stage; the dry density showed higher values but less lodging-resistance in some varieties varying greater in the middle stage of growing. Significant and positive correlation existed between the fresh and dry stem density with the morphological and physiological parameters, e.g. mechanical strength of stem (r=0.500**, 0.650**), fresh weight of individual plant, 2 cm fresh and dry weight and wall thickness of the first and second bottom elongate stem. Moreover, the fresh and dry density of the second bottom elongate stem had a significant and negative correlation with the index of lodging (r=-0.561**, -0.478**), and yield characteristics, such as the numbers of sterile spikelets (r=-0.370**, -0.550**), and ears per area (r=-0.426**, -0.507**), and a significant and positive correlation with the number of seed-setting spikelets. Therefore, it is fessible to evaluate the relative effects of lodging-resistance of wheat according to the direct measurement of the fresh and dry density of the second bottom elongate stem. Moreover, the synchronous improvement of the biological and economic yield can be achieved by the increasing of the dry stem density.