CAJ | 학술논문

堆肥可以杀灭病原菌、抑制杂草、缓慢释放养分、改良土壤、保持水分,是农业可持续发展的重要措施.堆肥过程中释放出大量温室气体尤其是甲烷.对全球环境变化产生重要影响.本研究通过量化比较不同堆肥方式下温室气体排放规律和排放量,以期实现减少堆肥堆制过程中温室气体排放的堆放方式.采用静态箱法研究了强制通风加过磷酸钙、强制通风不加过磷酸钙、翻堆通风加过磷酸钙、翻堆通风不加过磷酸钙四种处理的温室气体排放量.76天堆肥结束时,翻堆处理总有机碳降解51%一55%,强制通风降解大约44%.翻堆加过磷酸钙和不加过磷酸钙处理的甲烷排放量分别为15.35和15.27 gMg-1堆料,高于强制通风处理排放量(加过磷酸钙和不加过磷酸钙处理分别为7.76 gMg-1堆料和3.22 gMg-1堆料).在N2O排放量上,强制通风处理小于0.1%初始含氮量,翻堆处理约为0.1%初始氮.通风和翻堆过程中能量消耗分别相当于3.27、3.4、12.29和11.89 kgCO2-C Mg-1堆料.过磷酸钙对温室气体排放影响很小,可能是大量秸秆作为堆肥填充料的加入保持了肥堆的高孔隙度和良好的通风条件.因此虽然强制通风堆肥可以节省空间且操作方便,在大规模集约化处理畜禽粪便时广泛应用,但翻堆通风由于其低建设成本和低温室气体排放量,以及较高的有机质分解效率,更适宜在我国农村采用.
퇴비가이살멸병원균、억제잡초、완만석방양분、개량토양、보지수분,시농업가지속발전적중요조시.퇴비과정중석방출대량온실기체우기시갑완.대전구배경변화산생중요영향.본연구통과양화비교불동퇴비방식하온실기체배방규률화배방량,이기실현감소퇴비퇴제과정중온실기체배방적퇴방방식.채용정태상법연구료강제통풍가과린산개、강제통풍불가과린산개、번퇴통풍가과린산개、번퇴통풍불가과린산개사충처리적온실기체배방량.76천퇴비결속시,번퇴처리총유궤탄강해51%일55%,강제통풍강해대약44%.번퇴가과린산개화불가과린산개처리적갑완배방량분별위15.35화15.27 gMg-1퇴료,고우강제통풍처리배방량(가과린산개화불가과린산개처리분별위7.76 gMg-1퇴료화3.22 gMg-1퇴료).재N2O배방량상,강제통풍처리소우0.1%초시함담량,번퇴처리약위0.1%초시담.통풍화번퇴과정중능량소모분별상당우3.27、3.4、12.29화11.89 kgCO2-C Mg-1퇴료.과린산개대온실기체배방영향흔소,가능시대량갈간작위퇴비전충료적가입보지료비퇴적고공극도화량호적통풍조건.인차수연강제통풍퇴비가이절성공간차조작방편,재대규모집약화처리축금분편시엄범응용,단번퇴통풍유우기저건설성본화저온실기체배방량,이급교고적유궤질분해효솔,경괄의재아국농촌채용.
Compost provides benefits such as pathogen inactivation,weed suppression,slow release of nutrients,soil improvement,water conservation,and is an advantageous tool in moving towards more sustainable agricultural systems.Lots of greenhouse gases (GHGs) especially CH4 are emitted from the heap during composting process,which play an important role in global warming.The purposes of this study were to quantify and characterize the GHGs emissions,so as to compare and optimize the operation conditions,then to minimize GHGs emissions.We examined GHGs emissions from composting in forced aeration systems and turning systems with or without the addition of calcium superphosphate (CS),using the static chamber method.The compost degraded 51%-55% of initial total carbon (TC) in turning piles,while about 44% in forced aeration piles after 76 days composting.CH4 emissions from turning piles with and without CS were respectively 15.35 and 15.27 g Mg-1 dry material (DM),higher than forced aeration piles (7.76 g Mg-1 DM,with CS,and 3.22 g Mg-1 DM,without CS).N2O emissions were less than 0.1% of initial total nitrogen (TN) in the forced aeration piles,and -0.1% of initial TN in the turning piles.Energy consumption used for treating manure equaled to 3.27,3.4,12.29 and 11.89 kg CO2-C equivalent Mg-1 DM,for turning with CS,turning without CS,forced aeration with CS,forced aeration without CS,respectively.The addition of CS had little effect on GHGs emissions,due to high porosity and adequate aeration caused by large dose of straw as bulking agent.Although forced aeration composting is an intensive technology widely used in large-scale processing of manure wastes for land saving and easy operation,turning aeration may be more appropriate in rural areas of China,considering the less construction cost and greenhouse gas emissions,and its high efficiency in degrading organic carbon.