CAJ | 학술논문

利用分别位于雷州半岛北部、中部和南部的湛江站59a、雷州站46a和徐闻站42a的气象资料,分析了雷州半岛雾发生的规律及生消机理。结果表明：三站年雾日数变化趋势基本一致,呈＂W＂状,局部峰值明显升高。三站的年平均雾日数分别为24.7d、30.4d和21.0d。雷州半岛雾日主要出现在每年的1—4月及12月,3月雾日数最多,7月雾日数最少。近10a湛江站夜间雾发生频率为90%;短雾多,持续时间在4h以内的占75%。雾形成的天气形势可分为高压入海型、低压前型、冷锋前型、静止锋前型、鞍形场或均压场型5类,主要是平流雾、锋面雾和辐射雾。3种雾消散的天气形势是新冷空气补充南下、雾滴出现碰并沉降形成小雨或日出后雾滴蒸发。统计雷州半岛三站2000—2009年雾次频数得出,成雾概率最大的气象条件是气温为15～25℃、T-Td≤1.0℃、Δp3在-3.5～-2hPa和1.5～2.5hPa之间、风向为NNE-ESE及风速小于5m/s。L波段雷达探空大雾个例分析表明：雾顶高度在1.5km左右,雾中温度随高度增加而减小;雾中相对湿度大于92%,1.5km之上急剧减小,3km以上保持不变;T-Td为1.2～6.4℃;近地面风速为2～6m/s,风向随高度顺时针旋转,雾中有暖平流。
이용분별위우뇌주반도북부、중부화남부적담강참59a、뇌주참46a화서문참42a적기상자료,분석료뇌주반도무발생적규률급생소궤리。결과표명：삼참년무일수변화추세기본일치,정＂W＂상,국부봉치명현승고。삼참적년평균무일수분별위24.7d、30.4d화21.0d。뇌주반도무일주요출현재매년적1—4월급12월,3월무일수최다,7월무일수최소。근10a담강참야간무발생빈솔위90%;단무다,지속시간재4h이내적점75%。무형성적천기형세가분위고압입해형、저압전형、랭봉전형、정지봉전형、안형장혹균압장형5류,주요시평류무、봉면무화복사무。3충무소산적천기형세시신랭공기보충남하、무적출현팽병침강형성소우혹일출후무적증발。통계뇌주반도삼참2000—2009년무차빈수득출,성무개솔최대적기상조건시기온위15～25℃、T-Td≤1.0℃、Δp3재-3.5～-2hPa화1.5～2.5hPa지간、풍향위NNE-ESE급풍속소우5m/s。L파단뢰체탐공대무개례분석표명：무정고도재1.5km좌우,무중온도수고도증가이감소;무중상대습도대우92%,1.5km지상급극감소,3km이상보지불변;T-Td위1.2～6.4℃;근지면풍속위2～6m/s,풍향수고도순시침선전,무중유난평류。
The occurrence regularity and formation/dissipation mechanism of fog on the Leizhou Peninsula have been statistically analyzed by using the meteorological data observed at three conventional weather stations of Zhanjiang（59 a）,Leizhou（46 a） and Xuwen（42 a）,which locate in the north,central and south part of the Leizhou Peninsula,respectively.The results show that the annual fog days over the three stations basically have the same variation trend in the pattern of ＂W＂,and local maximum values increase significantly.The annual average of fog days at the three stations are 24.7 d,30.4 d and 21.0 d,respectively.Fog mainly occurs from December to next April and on the Leizhou Peninsula.The fog days is the most in March and the least in July.The frequency of night fog is up to 90% during the past decade,and fogs with short duration make up the majority,with 75% of which below the 4 hours.The synoptic situations favorable for the fog formation and development on the Leizhou Peninsula can be roughly divided into five classes：high pressure system,low pressure system,cold front,stationary front,saddle type pressure field or isobaric field.The advection fog,frontal fog and radiation fog are dominant types over Zhanjiang.The weather situations causing the dissipation of Zhanjiang fog are mainly the following：new-born cold air moving southward and surface wind speed increasing;drizzle formed due to collision-coalescence and subsequent gravitational settling of fog droplets after fog development;fog droplets evaporating because of the increasing temperature at the near surface layer after sunrise.The statistical results of fog frequency at the three stations on Leizhou Peninsula from 2000 to 2009 show that the meteorological conditions of the biggest fog-forming probability are：T=15—25 ℃,T-Td≤1.0 ℃,Δp3=-3.5—-2 hPa and 1.5—2.5 hPa,wind direction of NNE-ESE and wind speed ≤5 m/s.The analysis of L-band radar sounding data shows that the temperature decreases with altitude in fog,with the fog top height at about 1.5 km.Relative humidity is above 92% in the fog layer,which decreases sharply from the height of 1.5 km until 3 km,and then remains unchanged above 3 km.The temperature-dewpoint spread is from 1.2 to 6.4 ℃,with 2—6 m/s wind speed near the ground surface.Wind direction rotates clockwisely with height,which indicates a warm advection in fog layer.