中国心理卫生杂志
中國心理衛生雜誌
중국심리위생잡지
CHINESE MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL
2009年
11期
806-809
,共4页
注意缺陷多动障碍%患病率%临床特点%学龄儿童%少年%横断面研究
註意缺陷多動障礙%患病率%臨床特點%學齡兒童%少年%橫斷麵研究
주의결함다동장애%환병솔%림상특점%학령인동%소년%횡단면연구
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder%prevalence%clinical characteristic%school-age child%adolescent%cross-sectional study
目的:比较少年(12～16岁)与学龄儿童(6～11岁)注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)患病情况及临床特点,为儿童ADHD的全面干预提供依据.方法:用分层整群抽样的方式,以学校为单位从鲁北4县市抽取4263名6～16岁儿童,采用问卷调查和专科访谈相结合的方法,按DSM-Ⅳ的ADHD诊断标准进行诊断,根据症状维度分布进一步区分为3种亚型:注意缺陷型(ADHD-I)、多动冲动型(ADHD-HI)和混合型(ADHD-C).结果:(1)6～16岁少儿ADHD的总患病率为6.4%,ADHD-I型是主要类型,占63.7%;男童患病率高于女童(8.9%vs 4.1%,P＜0.001);少年患病率低于学龄儿童(5.3% vs.7.7%, P=0.002).(2)不同年龄少儿ADHD亚型分布有差别,与学龄儿童组相比,少年组ADHD-HI和ADHD-C明显减少(9.5% vs.18.4%,9.5% vs.32.7%),ADHD-I明显增多(81.0% vs.49.0%)(P＜0.001);少年ADHD患者的3项注意缺陷症状因子和6项多动-冲动症状因子患病率降低(P＜0.001或0.01或0.05).结论:注意力缺陷是少儿注意缺陷多动障碍的核心症状;注意缺陷多动障碍在较高年龄组的少年中患病率有降低趋势,多动-冲动症状改善更明显.
目的:比較少年(12～16歲)與學齡兒童(6～11歲)註意缺陷多動障礙(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)患病情況及臨床特點,為兒童ADHD的全麵榦預提供依據.方法:用分層整群抽樣的方式,以學校為單位從魯北4縣市抽取4263名6～16歲兒童,採用問捲調查和專科訪談相結閤的方法,按DSM-Ⅳ的ADHD診斷標準進行診斷,根據癥狀維度分佈進一步區分為3種亞型:註意缺陷型(ADHD-I)、多動遲動型(ADHD-HI)和混閤型(ADHD-C).結果:(1)6～16歲少兒ADHD的總患病率為6.4%,ADHD-I型是主要類型,佔63.7%;男童患病率高于女童(8.9%vs 4.1%,P＜0.001);少年患病率低于學齡兒童(5.3% vs.7.7%, P=0.002).(2)不同年齡少兒ADHD亞型分佈有差彆,與學齡兒童組相比,少年組ADHD-HI和ADHD-C明顯減少(9.5% vs.18.4%,9.5% vs.32.7%),ADHD-I明顯增多(81.0% vs.49.0%)(P＜0.001);少年ADHD患者的3項註意缺陷癥狀因子和6項多動-遲動癥狀因子患病率降低(P＜0.001或0.01或0.05).結論:註意力缺陷是少兒註意缺陷多動障礙的覈心癥狀;註意缺陷多動障礙在較高年齡組的少年中患病率有降低趨勢,多動-遲動癥狀改善更明顯.
목적:비교소년(12～16세)여학령인동(6～11세)주의결함다동장애(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)환병정황급림상특점,위인동ADHD적전면간예제공의거.방법:용분층정군추양적방식,이학교위단위종로북4현시추취4263명6～16세인동,채용문권조사화전과방담상결합적방법,안DSM-Ⅳ적ADHD진단표준진행진단,근거증상유도분포진일보구분위3충아형:주의결함형(ADHD-I)、다동충동형(ADHD-HI)화혼합형(ADHD-C).결과:(1)6～16세소인ADHD적총환병솔위6.4%,ADHD-I형시주요류형,점63.7%;남동환병솔고우녀동(8.9%vs 4.1%,P＜0.001);소년환병솔저우학령인동(5.3% vs.7.7%, P=0.002).(2)불동년령소인ADHD아형분포유차별,여학령인동조상비,소년조ADHD-HI화ADHD-C명현감소(9.5% vs.18.4%,9.5% vs.32.7%),ADHD-I명현증다(81.0% vs.49.0%)(P＜0.001);소년ADHD환자적3항주의결함증상인자화6항다동-충동증상인자환병솔강저(P＜0.001혹0.01혹0.05).결론:주의력결함시소인주의결함다동장애적핵심증상;주의결함다동장애재교고년령조적소년중환병솔유강저추세,다동-충동증상개선경명현.
Objective：To compare the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescents (12～16 years) and school-age children (6～11years) to provide reference data for a comprehensive intervention to children ADHD.Methods：A population-based questionnaire study was conducted among subjects aged 6～16 years sampled from schools in Northern Shandong.Totally 4263 children (adolescents 2358,school-age children 1905) were chosen by stratified-clustered-random sampling.The estimation of ADHD was investigated by asking the parents to complete ADHD questionnaires and subjects were followed up.The diagnosis for ADHD was made according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV)cliterca,which was divided into three kinds of subtypes in accordance with distribution of symptom dimensions.Results：The total prevalence of ADHD was 6.4% in this sample,which was predominated by the inattentive type (ADHD-I ) (63.7％).The prevalence of ADHD was higher in males than in females (8.9% vs.4.1%,P<0.001),and lower in adolescents than in school-age children (5.3% vs.7.7%,P=0.002).Distribution of subtypes was different in ADHD children of different age.Compared with school-age children group,the hyperactive/impulsive type (ADHD-HI )and combined type (ADHD-C) were lower,and the inattentive type (ADHD-I )was higher in adolescent group (P<0.001).The prevalence of 3 symptomatic factors of inattention and 6 symptomatic factors of hyperactivity/impulsivity in adolescents ADHD was lower than that in school-age children ADHD.Conclusion：Inattention is central symptom for children ADHD.ADHD,symptom of hyperactivity/impulsivity especially in the elder groups have trends of lower prevalence rate.
