CAJ | 학술논문

本研究共开展两个试验,探讨饲粮类型和不添加维生素和微量矿物元素对猪肥育后期生长性能、胴体和肌肉品质、粪中微量矿物元素排泄的影响.在试验1中,选用128头平均体重(78.5±4.6)kg的肥育猪,根据体重和性别分成4组,每组4圈(重复),每个重复8头猪.四组试验猪的试验处理为2×2因子设计,即两种类型(玉米-豆粕型和玉米-杂粕型)饲粮和添加或不添加维生素/微量矿物元素预混料.在试验2中,选用112头平均体重(90.3±6.3)kg的肥育猪,根据体重和性别分成4组,每组4圈(重复),每个重复7头猪.试验处理同试验1.结果显示,在79～110 kg肥育期中(试验1),采食玉米-豆粕型饲粮的猪的增重速度和采食量显著高于采食玉米-杂粕型饲粮的猪(P＜0.01或0.05).在90～105 kg肥育期中(试验2),采食玉米-豆粕型饲粮的猪的增重速度仍然高于采食玉米-杂粕型饲粮的猪(P＜0.05).但是,维生素和微量矿物元素添加与否对生长性能无显著影响(P＞0.05).饲粮类型和不添加维生素和微量矿物元素对胴体和肌肉品质均无显著影响(P＞0.05).粪中微量矿物元素含量不受饲粮类型的影响(P＞0.05),但不添加维生素和微量矿物元素时,粪中铜、铁、锰的含量显著降低(P＜0.01),粪中锌含量也有降低的趋势(P＞0.05).对于生长性能、胴体和肌肉品质以及微量矿物元素排泄量,饲粮类型×维生素/微量矿物元素预混料的交互作用不显著(P＞0.05).结果表明,在猪的肥育后期(最后约25～40 d),在玉米-豆粕型和玉米杂粕型饲粮中可不添加维生素和微量矿物元素,从而可降低饲料成本和减少微量矿物元素的排泄.
본연구공개전량개시험,탐토사량류형화불첨가유생소화미량광물원소대저비육후기생장성능、동체화기육품질、분중미량광물원소배설적영향.재시험1중,선용128두평균체중(78.5±4.6)kg적비육저,근거체중화성별분성4조,매조4권(중복),매개중복8두저.사조시험저적시험처리위2×2인자설계,즉량충류형(옥미-두박형화옥미-잡박형)사량화첨가혹불첨가유생소/미량광물원소예혼료.재시험2중,선용112두평균체중(90.3±6.3)kg적비육저,근거체중화성별분성4조,매조4권(중복),매개중복7두저.시험처리동시험1.결과현시,재79～110 kg비육기중(시험1),채식옥미-두박형사량적저적증중속도화채식량현저고우채식옥미-잡박형사량적저(P＜0.01혹0.05).재90～105 kg비육기중(시험2),채식옥미-두박형사량적저적증중속도잉연고우채식옥미-잡박형사량적저(P＜0.05).단시,유생소화미량광물원소첨가여부대생장성능무현저영향(P＞0.05).사량류형화불첨가유생소화미량광물원소대동체화기육품질균무현저영향(P＞0.05).분중미량광물원소함량불수사량류형적영향(P＞0.05),단불첨가유생소화미량광물원소시,분중동、철、맹적함량현저강저(P＜0.01),분중자함량야유강저적추세(P＞0.05).대우생장성능、동체화기육품질이급미량광물원소배설량,사량류형×유생소/미량광물원소예혼료적교호작용불현저(P＞0.05).결과표명,재저적비육후기(최후약25～40 d),재옥미-두박형화옥미잡박형사량중가불첨가유생소화미량광물원소,종이가강저사료성본화감소미량광물원소적배설.
Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of different types of diets with or without supplementation of vitamin-trace mineral premix (hereinafter referred to as VTM) on growth performance, carcass and muscle quality and fecal mineral concentrations in late finishing pigs. In Exp. 1,one hundred and twenty-eight pigs, with an average initial body weight (BW) of (78.5 + 4.6) kg, were allotted to treatments on the basis of BW and gender with 4 replications of 8 pigs per replicate pen for each treatment. The treatments were designed in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, and were as follows: (1)corn-soybean meal (C-SBM) diet with VTM, (2) C-SBM diet without VTM,(3) corn-mixed meals (C-MM) diet with VTM,and (4) C-MM diet without VTM. In Exp. 2,112 pigs (average initial BW of (90.3 ± 6.3) kg) were allotted to treatments on the basis of BW and gender with 4 replications of 7 pigs per replicate pen for each treatment. The treatments were the same as in Exp. 1. During the finishing period from 79 to 110 kg (Exp. 1), pigs fed C-SBM diets grew faster (P＜0.01) and ate more than those fed C-MM diets (P＜0.05).During the finishing period from 90 to 105 kg (Exp. 2), pigs also grew faster when they were provided C-SBM diets rather than C-MM diets (P＜0.05). However, diets with or without VTM in both types of diets during either finishing period had not significant effect on growth performance (P＞0.05). Dietary type and diets without VTM had no effects on carcass traits and muscle quality during either finishing period (P＞0.05). Fecal mineral concentrations were not affected by dietary type (P＞0.05), but diets without VTM had significantly reduced fecal Cu,Fe an d Mn concentrations ( P＜0.01 ), and had the tendency to reduce fecal Zn concentrations(P＞0.05). The interactions of dietary type × VTM interactions had no significant effect on growth performance, carcass traits, muscle quality and fecal mineral excretion in both experiments (P＞0.05). These results indicate that VTM can be removed from either C-SBM or C-MM diets of late finishing pigs, approximately, in the final 25 or 40 days so as to reduce feed cost and nutrients excretion in waste materials.