CAJ | 학술논문

中国野生动物资源丰富，然而野生动物的保护目前仍较多使用一些宏观保护策略和描述性研究手段，对其保护和评价的分子研究却相对落后。分子标记作为第四代遗传标记，自建立以来，以其多方面的优势在野生动物保护研究领域得到了越来越广泛的应用。本文介绍了限制性片段长度多态性、随机扩增多态性、扩增片段长度多态性和微卫星等分子标记的基本原理及其优缺点，综述了分子标记技术在野生动物种群遗传结构、亲缘关系和系统分类、遗传图谱构建和基因定位、物种鉴定和个体识别等方面的应用和研究概况，同时对应用前景进行了展望：分子标记技术在今后的野生动物保护研究中发挥的作用将会更加明显。
중국야생동물자원봉부，연이야생동물적보호목전잉교다사용일사굉관보호책략화묘술성연구수단，대기보호화평개적분자연구각상대락후。분자표기작위제사대유전표기，자건립이래，이기다방면적우세재야생동물보호연구영역득도료월래월엄범적응용。본문개소료한제성편단장도다태성、수궤확증다태성、확증편단장도다태성화미위성등분자표기적기본원리급기우결점，종술료분자표기기술재야생동물충군유전결구、친연관계화계통분류、유전도보구건화기인정위、물충감정화개체식별등방면적응용화연구개황，동시대응용전경진행료전망：분자표기기술재금후적야생동물보호연구중발휘적작용장회경가명현。
Forensic wildlife conservation still relies mainly on macroscopic and descriptive methods in China. DNA molecular markers, the fourth generation of genetic marking techniques, are increasingly applied in forensic wildlife protection because of their many advantages. The main types and characteristics of molecular markers are introduced in this paper. We review fun- damentals, advantages, and disadvantages of DNA molecular markers, including restriction fragment length polymorphism （RFLP） , random amplified pelymorphic DNA （RAPD） , amplified fragment length polymorphism （AFLP） , and mieresatel- lite DNA. We review the application of molecular markers to wildlife ecology issues such as population genetic structure, kin relationship, classification and phylogenies, construction of genetic linkage maps, genie loci orientation, species identification, and individual recognition. Finally, we discuss the prospects for application of molecular markers in future and conclude that they will be used more frequently in studies of wild animal ecology and protection in future.