CAJ | 학술논문

选用4个小麦品种(系)分别代表大、小粒品种，研究了去除顶端两个小穗对植株光合速率、14C同化物分配和穗部性状的影响。去除顶端两个小穗后，小粒品种(鲁麦14、山农48-2)于灌浆中、后期的光合速率提高，大粒品种(鲁215953、核生2号)则表现为降低；灌浆初期14CO2的标记测定结果显示，分配到穗部的14C同化物因去除顶端两小穗而有所增加，但从占整个麦穗14C同化物总量的比例来看，分配到中、下部特别是下部小穗的比例显著增加。结果表现为成熟期不孕小穗减少，整穗结实率和千粒重同步提高，穗粒重补偿性增长。这表明，在同化物供应充足的前提下，运用栽培技术措施或生长调节物质增加籽粒形成和灌浆初期同化物向下部小穗的分配，可有效地提高穗粒重。
선용4개소맥품충(계)분별대표대、소립품충，연구료거제정단량개소수대식주광합속솔、14C동화물분배화수부성상적영향。거제정단량개소수후，소립품충(로맥14、산농48-2)우관장중、후기적광합속솔제고，대립품충(로215953、핵생2호)칙표현위강저；관장초기14CO2적표기측정결과현시，분배도수부적14C동화물인거제정단량소수이유소증가，단종점정개맥수14C동화물총량적비례래간，분배도중、하부특별시하부소수적비례현저증가。결과표현위성숙기불잉소수감소，정수결실솔화천립중동보제고，수립중보상성증장。저표명，재동화물공응충족적전제하，운용재배기술조시혹생장조절물질증가자립형성화관장초기동화물향하부소수적분배，가유효지제고수립중。
Four cultivars representing large and small kernel size cultivars were used in this study. The effects of removal of the top two spikelets on photosynthetic rate, distribution of 14C assimilate and ear traits were investigated. When the top two spikelets were removed, the photosynthetic rate of the small kernel cultivars (Lumai 14 and Shannong 48-2)at the middle and late phase of grain filling increased, while that of the large kernel cultivars (Lu 215953 and Hesheng 2) decreased. Test of the 14C assimilate labelled at the beginning of the grain filling stage revealed that removal of the top two spikelets could cause a slight increase over the control, but the pattern of distribution of the assimilate to different parts of the ear altered significantly.Thus, The middle, especially the basal spikelets received much more assimilate than the control. All these lead to a reduction of the number of sterile spikelets, and increase of seed setting, 1000-kernel weight and kernel weight per ear. It was suggested therefore that by means of enchancing translocation of photoassimilate into the middle, especially the basal spikelets during the early period of kernel development, kernel weight per ear could be increased efficiently.