CAJ | 학술논문

作物多样性种植能够有效减少病虫危害,显著增加产量,但其中的机理尚不清楚.太阳辐射是最重要的影响因子之一.本试验研究了玉米净作(A)及玉米/大豆2∶2(B,2行玉米2行大豆)和2∶4 (C,2行玉米4行大豆)两种间作模式下,玉米冠层内太阳辐射强度的时空变化.研究结果表明,多样性种植可在不同高度上对玉米植株间的受光强度和受光时间产生明显影响.在玉米穗期,相比净作,在30cm高度上,B和C模式下光强都超过了2倍,在70cm高度上,光强超过10倍.花粒期,在110、160和210cm位置上,相比净作,B和C模式下光强分别提高了5倍、2倍和12％,而且随着测量高度的下降,间作模式下光强下降较为缓慢.从第7-18叶,相比净作,各叶位间作模式下光强平均增加2倍,而且日有效辐射时间平均提高了5小时.此外,玉米的一些生物学性状,如千粒重、每株产量和穗位叶叶面积等也表现出间作B和C模式都显著高于净作.因此,间作提高了玉米的受光强度和有效辐射时间,是改善玉米生物学性状的重要因子.
작물다양성충식능구유효감소병충위해,현저증가산량,단기중적궤리상불청초.태양복사시최중요적영향인자지일.본시험연구료옥미정작(A)급옥미/대두2∶2(B,2행옥미2행대두)화2∶4 (C,2행옥미4행대두)량충간작모식하,옥미관층내태양복사강도적시공변화.연구결과표명,다양성충식가재불동고도상대옥미식주간적수광강도화수광시간산생명현영향.재옥미수기,상비정작,재30cm고도상,B화C모식하광강도초과료2배,재70cm고도상,광강초과10배.화립기,재110、160화210cm위치상,상비정작,B화C모식하광강분별제고료5배、2배화12％,이차수착측량고도적하강,간작모식하광강하강교위완만.종제7-18협,상비정작,각협위간작모식하광강평균증가2배,이차일유효복사시간평균제고료5소시.차외,옥미적일사생물학성상,여천립중、매주산량화수위협협면적등야표현출간작B화C모식도현저고우정작.인차,간작제고료옥미적수광강도화유효복사시간,시개선옥미생물학성상적중요인자.
Intercropping can improve field microclimates,decrease the incidence of crop diseases,and increase crop yields,but the reasons for this remain unknown.Solar radiation is the most important environmental influence.To understand the mechanisms of intercropping we established an experiment consisting of three cropping patterns:a monocropping control (treatment A) and two intercropping treatments (B:two rows of maize and two rows of soybean intercropping; C:two rows of maize and four rows of soybean intercropping).Results show that compared to monocropping,intercropping increased the amount of light penetrating to inferior leaves in maize plants,Light intensity reaching maize plants at the heading stage in intercropping increased over two-fold at 30 cm above ground and 10-fold at 70cm above ground,compared with monocropping.At the flowering to maturity stage,light intensity at 110,160 and 210 cm above ground among maize plants was greatly increased in intercropping compared with monocropping,by some five-fold,two-fold and 12％,respectively.Moreover,light intensity declined more slowly at the measured heights in the intercropping system compared with monocropping.From the 7-18th leaf,light intensity per leaf increased two-fold in intercropping compared with monocropping.Daily light duration increased more than a mean of 5 h per day per leaf in intercropping compared with monocropping.The biological characters of maize including thousand kernel weight,yield per plant and area of ear leaves were all greater in intercropping than monocropping.These results suggest that,for maize,intercropping improves light density and duration significantly and this may contribute to biomass and yield increases.