CAJ | 학술논문

利用耐逆植物改良松嫩平原高pH盐碱土研究进展
이용내역식물개량송눈평원고pH염감토연구진전
The Progress in Improvement of High pH Saline-Alkali Soil in the Songnen Plain by Stress Tolerant Plants

万方数据

吉林农业大学学报吉林農業大學學報 길임농업대학학보
JOURNAL OF JILIN AGRICUL TURAL UNIVERSITY
2008年 4期 517-528 ,共12页

梁正伟%王志春%马红媛%杨福%陈渊%黄立华%孔祥军%闫超%刘淼%王明明%齐春艳

량정위%왕지춘%마홍원%양복%진연%황립화%공상군%염초%류묘%왕명명%제춘염

高pH%碳酸盐%盐碱土%耐逆植物%羊草%水稻%基因高pH%碳痠鹽%鹽堿土%耐逆植物%羊草%水稻%基因
고pH%탄산염%염감토%내역식물%양초%수도%기인
high pH%carbonate%saline-alkali soil%stress tolerant plant%Leymus chinensis%rice%gene

松嫩平原是世界上苏打盐碱地分布面积最大的地区,土壤pH多在8.5以上,重度盐碱地pH高达9.0～10.5.随着人类活动的加剧和气候干旱,松嫩平原盐碱化面积逐年扩大,盐碱化程度也逐年加重.文中概述了该区典型土壤盐碱化的成因和传统的治理方法,剖析了以往主要改良方法存在的利弊;重点介绍了近年来中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所在耐盐碱水稻品种筛选与育种,水稻耐碱突变体筛选和耐碱基因QTL定位,羊草(Leymus chinensis)移栽快速恢复和重建技术及其生物生态学效应,羊草耐碱基因克隆等研究工作进展,指出了有效利用耐盐碱牧草或种植耐盐碱水稻品种恢复生态和提高劣质土地生产力的重要性.
송눈평원시세계상소타염감지분포면적최대적지구,토양pH다재8.5이상,중도염감지pH고체9.0～10.5.수착인류활동적가극화기후간한,송눈평원염감화면적축년확대,염감화정도야축년가중.문중개술료해구전형토양염감화적성인화전통적치리방법,부석료이왕주요개량방법존재적리폐;중점개소료근년래중국과학원동북지리여농업생태연구소재내염감수도품충사선여육충,수도내감돌변체사선화내감기인QTL정위,양초(Leymus chinensis)이재쾌속회복화중건기술급기생물생태학효응,양초내감기인극륭등연구공작진전,지출료유효이용내염감목초혹충식내염감수도품충회복생태화제고렬질토지생산력적중요성.
The Songnen Plain of the Northeast China is the largest alkali soda soil distribution area in the world where the carbonates are the main composition salts. Soil pH in this area is higher than 8.5 and reaches 9.0-10.5 in the severe alkali land. The unreasonable human activities and arid climate in recent years increase the area and degree of alkalinity. This paper summarized the formation and hazard of saline-alkali soil in the Songnen Plain, and evaluated the traditional practices of improving saline-alkali soil. A review of research results was introduced in breeding for salt and alkali tolerant rice varieties and screening for alkali tolerant mutants, QTL mapping of the alkali tolerant genes, characteristics of salinealkali tolerance and transplanting cultivation technologies in Leymus chinensis, the assessment of bioecological effects of transplanting L. chinensis in severe alkali soil and the physiological tolerant mechanisms to stress and the utilization of genetic variations of L. chinensis were carried out in the Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology of CAS. It also pointed out the importance of using alkali tolerant grass or rice to restore the ecological enviromnent and improve the poor soil productivity.