CAJ | 학술논문

木质纤维素资源的化学成分和结构复杂,目前还缺少能够破坏纤维素结构稳定性的低成本技术,生物降解转化的效率还不能适应大规模工业化要求.国内这方面基础研究相对薄弱,急需针对生物质抗降解屏障与生物转化的难点,围绕其中3个关键科学问题开展研究:(1) 植物生物质是如何抗生物降解的--从生物降解转化的角度深入研究这一系列抗性屏障的特性,寻求破解之道,是实现生物质高效转化的基础;(2) 微生物是如何攻击植物生物质抗降解屏障的--深入研究微生物降解木质纤维素的机理、多样性以及酶系合成调控,探寻人工构建低成本且高效的复合酶系的可能途径;(3) 破解抗性屏障和提高转化效率的可能途径--分子生物学和系统生物学研究的发展为生物的定向设计与改造提供了可能,通过设计和改造植物、微生物及其降解酶系,选育适于转化纤维素为大宗平台化合物的微生物,研究其代谢调控,构建代谢工程菌,研究定向转化的过程及相关产品,结合物理化学预处理技术的研究,可望集成和设计出新的木质纤维素类生物质生物转化液体燃料和化学品的综合生物炼制技术方案.
목질섬유소자원적화학성분화결구복잡,목전환결소능구파배섬유소결구은정성적저성본기술,생물강해전화적효솔환불능괄응대규모공업화요구.국내저방면기출연구상대박약,급수침대생물질항강해병장여생물전화적난점,위요기중3개관건과학문제개전연구:(1) 식물생물질시여하항생물강해적--종생물강해전화적각도심입연구저일계렬항성병장적특성,심구파해지도,시실현생물질고효전화적기출;(2) 미생물시여하공격식물생물질항강해병장적--심입연구미생물강해목질섬유소적궤리、다양성이급매계합성조공,탐심인공구건저성본차고효적복합매계적가능도경;(3) 파해항성병장화제고전화효솔적가능도경--분자생물학화계통생물학연구적발전위생물적정향설계여개조제공료가능,통과설계화개조식물、미생물급기강해매계,선육괄우전화섬유소위대종평태화합물적미생물,연구기대사조공,구건대사공정균,연구정향전화적과정급상관산품,결합물이화학예처리기술적연구,가망집성화설계출신적목질섬유소류생물질생물전화액체연료화화학품적종합생물련제기술방안.
Because of the complex chemical composition and structure of lignocellulosic resources, it is still a lack of an efficient and low-cost technology to undermine the stability of cellulose.Biodegradation and bioconversion efficiency still can not meet the requirements of large-scale industrialization.Basic research in this area is relatively weak in China.The deep understanding the recalcitrance of biomass and the difficulties in bioconversion are urgently needed, of which around three core issues of key scientific research: (1) The mechanism of plant biomass recalcitrance to biodegradation: a series of in-depth study of the characteristics of resistance barriers is basis to achieve efficient conversion of biomass.(2) How microorganisms attack these anti-degradation barriers.In-depth study of the mechanism and diversity of lignocellulosics biodegradation are the requirements for the production of industrial enzymes and explore the possibility of the artificial construction of low-cost and highly efficient enzyme complex.(3) The possible ways to break the barriers and to increase conversion efficiency: the development of molecular biology and systems biology has opened possibilities to re-design of plants, microorganisms and its degradation enzymes.By studying metabolic regulation, metabolic engineering bacteria, combined with physical and chemical pre-treatment technology, it is expected to design new integrated biorefinery technology to transform lignocellulosic biomass into liquid biofuels and chemicals.