CAJ | 학술논문

归纳总结了气候变化对青海高原及周边地区畜牧业的影响,并评价了各地所采取的应对措施的效果,结果表明:①1961～2008年青海高原年平均气温、年平均最高气温、年平均最低气温均呈显著增暖趋势;年降水量几乎无明显变化,但具有显著的季节变化特点;风速和日照时数逐年减小.②在当前气候变化条件下,草地生产力呈减少趋势,受其影响,草场理论载畜量也呈减小趋势;暖冬较有利于牲畜安全越冬,幼畜成活率维持往一个较高水平;气温升高,降水减少有利于牲告抓膘育肥,但牲备产肉量还受草场退化等众多负面因子的影响;家畜疾病与气象条件关系密切,不利的气象条件可引发家畜的许多疾病③针对当前畜牧业生产所面临的问题,各地采取了草业建设、畜种改良、发展畜牧业新模式、牧业病虫害防治、气象灾害防御等措施,其在提高草地生产力、解决草畜失衡、保护生态环境和提高牲畜性能等方面发挥了重大作用.
귀납총결료기후변화대청해고원급주변지구축목업적영향,병평개료각지소채취적응대조시적효과,결과표명:①1961～2008년청해고원년평균기온、년평균최고기온、년평균최저기온균정현저증난추세;년강수량궤호무명현변화,단구유현저적계절변화특점;풍속화일조시수축년감소.②재당전기후변화조건하,초지생산력정감소추세,수기영향,초장이론재축량야정감소추세;난동교유리우생축안전월동,유축성활솔유지왕일개교고수평;기온승고,강수감소유리우생고조표육비,단생비산육량환수초장퇴화등음다부면인자적영향;가축질병여기상조건관계밀절,불리적기상조건가인발가축적허다질병③침대당전축목업생산소면림적문제,각지채취료초업건설、축충개량、발전축목업신모식、목업병충해방치、기상재해방어등조시,기재제고초지생산력、해결초축실형、보호생태배경화제고생축성능등방면발휘료중대작용.
The paper aims to study the impacts and countermeasures of climate change on animal husbandry in Qinghai plateau and its surrounding area,and evaluate the effect of countermeasures.Results showed that:First,the annual mean temperature,annual mean maximum temperature and annual mean minimum temperature showed an increasing trend in Qinghai plateau during the time from 1961 to 2008; the annual precipitation had not obvious change,but the obvious feature of seasonal change; wind speed and sunshine hours showed a decreasing trend during the time from 1961 to 2008.Secondly,under the current climate condition,grassland productivity showed a decreasing trend,and the grassland theoretical capacity affected by grassland productivity decreased too; warm winter was in favor of livestock overwintering safely,which resulted in a high level of the survival rate of young stock; temperature increasing and precipitation decreasing were beneficial to the fatness of livestock,but the meat yield of livestock was affected by some negative factors such as grassland degradation; livestock diseases had a close relationship with weather condition,and adverse weather condition may arose many diseases of livestock.Thirdly,in view of the current problems of livestock production,we took a series of countermeasures including grass industry construction,livestock improvement,developing new modes of animal husbandry,control and prevention of stockbreeding diseases and insect pests and recovery of meteorological disasters,which played a important role in promoting grassland productivity,solving the problem of the imbalances between livestock and forage,protecting the ecological environment and improving livestock performance.