CAJ | 학술논문

水稻是重要的粮食作物.作为单子叶模式植物,水稻基因组的大规模测序具有巨大的理论价值和现实意义.目前已获得了籼稻"93-11"和粳稻"日本晴"高质量的基因组数据,这为在基因组水平上深入研究其生长、发育、抗病和高产等的遗传机理提供了便利,从而为进一步解决世界粮食危机提供了新的突破口和契机.随着水稻基因组计划的顺利结束,其研究重心也已由建立高分辨率的遗传、物理和转录图谱为主的结构基因组学转向基因功能的研究.结构基因组学研究获得的大量序列数据为揭示和开发功能基因开辟了广阔的前景.目前,利用图位克隆和电子克隆等方法已成功分离了多个水稻抗病、抗虫、抗逆境、抗倒伏、高产、优质等重要农艺性状相关的基因,对培育水稻新品种,促进农业的可持续发展意义重大.据估计,水稻至少拥有3.7万个非转座因子相关的蛋白编码基因.因此,完成全基因组序列测定后,重要基因功能的鉴定已成为当前基因组学研究的主要目标.反向遗传学、大规模基因功能表达谱分析和蛋白质组研究等策略已在研究水稻重要基因的功能方面发挥了重要作用.文章综述了水稻基因组测序及基因功能研究的现状,并就新基因发掘和基因功能注释的方法作了评述,期待为水稻遗传工程和育种实践提供参考.
수도시중요적양식작물.작위단자협모식식물,수도기인조적대규모측서구유거대적이론개치화현실의의.목전이획득료선도"93-11"화갱도"일본청"고질량적기인조수거,저위재기인조수평상심입연구기생장、발육、항병화고산등적유전궤리제공료편리,종이위진일보해결세계양식위궤제공료신적돌파구화계궤.수착수도기인조계화적순리결속,기연구중심야이유건립고분변솔적유전、물리화전록도보위주적결구기인조학전향기인공능적연구.결구기인조학연구획득적대량서렬수거위게시화개발공능기인개벽료엄활적전경.목전,이용도위극륭화전자극륭등방법이성공분리료다개수도항병、항충、항역경、항도복、고산、우질등중요농예성상상관적기인,대배육수도신품충,촉진농업적가지속발전의의중대.거고계,수도지소옹유3.7만개비전좌인자상관적단백편마기인.인차,완성전기인조서렬측정후,중요기인공능적감정이성위당전기인조학연구적주요목표.반향유전학、대규모기인공능표체보분석화단백질조연구등책략이재연구수도중요기인적공능방면발휘료중요작용.문장종술료수도기인조측서급기인공능연구적현상,병취신기인발굴화기인공능주석적방법작료평술,기대위수도유전공정화육충실천제공삼고.
Rice is known to be one of the most important crops for human consumption. As the model cereal crop, large-scale sequencing of rice genome must play quite important roles both in theoretical research and practical application in rice breeding,which announces the opening of another new way to resolve the world food crisis. At present, the emphasis of rice genome research has been transferred from structure genomics to functional analysis. The discovery of new genes and annotation of gene function was believed to be an important issue in functional genomics research. In this article, the sequencing and functional research of the rice genome were reviewed. These results may provide some useful clues for rice genetic engineering and breeding practices.