CAJ | 학술논문

根据近30年胶州湾海域的历史监测资料和2007年5,8,10月3个航次的现场调查资料,分析了胶州湾表层海水中溶解无机氮(DIN)、磷酸盐(PO4-P)、石油烃和化学需氧量(COD)等化学污染物的年均浓度和平面分布的长期变化规律,并应用富营养化状态指数(E)对海域水质进行了评价和分析.结果表明,1980年代至今,胶州湾海水中DIN年均浓度呈不断上升趋势,变化范围为6.14～33.19 μmol·dm-3;PO4-P、石油烃呈先上升、后下降的趋势,其中PO4-P浓度变化范围为0.32～0.92 μmol·dm-3,石油烃为28.26～79.13 μg·dm-3;COD呈先降低、后升高的趋势,变化范围为0.57～1.60 mg·dm-3.从污染物平面分布看,DIN、PO4-P高值区主要集中在东北部海域,进入21世纪后向西部海域转移;石油烃呈由东向西递减的趋势;COD呈东北和西北沿岸海域浓度较高,向中部和南部逐渐降低的趋势.富营养化评价结果表明,1980年代,胶州湾海域E值<1,未达到富营养化状态;1990年代至今,E值超过1并呈逐渐增大的趋势,表明富营养化程度逐渐加重, 2007年E值达到4.15.从E平面分布看,富营养化区域主要集中在东北和西部沿岸邻近海域,这主要是受到陆源营养盐和其他污染物大量排放的影响.
근거근30년효주만해역적역사감측자료화2007년5,8,10월3개항차적현장조사자료,분석료효주만표층해수중용해무궤담(DIN)、린산염(PO4-P)、석유경화화학수양량(COD)등화학오염물적년균농도화평면분포적장기변화규률,병응용부영양화상태지수(E)대해역수질진행료평개화분석.결과표명,1980년대지금,효주만해수중DIN년균농도정불단상승추세,변화범위위6.14～33.19 μmol·dm-3;PO4-P、석유경정선상승、후하강적추세,기중PO4-P농도변화범위위0.32～0.92 μmol·dm-3,석유경위28.26～79.13 μg·dm-3;COD정선강저、후승고적추세,변화범위위0.57～1.60 mg·dm-3.종오염물평면분포간,DIN、PO4-P고치구주요집중재동북부해역,진입21세기후향서부해역전이;석유경정유동향서체감적추세;COD정동북화서북연안해역농도교고,향중부화남부축점강저적추세.부영양화평개결과표명,1980년대,효주만해역E치<1,미체도부영양화상태;1990년대지금,E치초과1병정축점증대적추세,표명부영양화정도축점가중, 2007년E치체도4.15.종E평면분포간,부영양화구역주요집중재동북화서부연안린근해역,저주요시수도륙원영양염화기타오염물대량배방적영향.
Based on the investigation information for the last thirty years in the Jiaozhou Bay, the variation trend of annual concentration and spatial distribution of DIN, PO4-P, petroleum hydrocarbon(pHs) and COD are analyzed, and nutritional condition index(E) is applied to assess the eutrophication condition. The results shows that the annual mean DIN concentration is in rising trend basically from 1980s to the 21st century, varying from 6.14 to 33.19 μmol·dm-3; the PO4-P and pHs concentrations are in rising first and then declining, the ranges of PO4-P and pHs are from 0.32 to 0.92 μmol·dm-3 and from 28.26 to 79.13 μg·dm-3 in turn; while COD declining first and then rising, varying from 0.57 to 1.60 mg·dm-3. The spatial distribution of DIN and PO4-P shows that it is higher in the northeastern than the southwestern of the Bay in the 1980s and 1990s, but it becomes higher in the west when coming into the 21st century. The spatial distribution of pHs shows that it is higher in the east than the west, while to COD it is higher in the northeastern and northwestern and decreases gradually towards the inner bay and South. The nutritional condition index shows that it is less than 1 in 1980s, it means that it has not become eutrophication in Jiaozhou Bay. It becomes eutrophication from the early 1990s and more serious to now. The distribution of E shows that the seawater area of Moshuihe estuary belongs to the most eutrophic area and seawater area of Daguhe estuary also belongs to eutrophic area, while it is less polluted in inner Bay. So the pollution is largely deduced by land-based wastewater discharge.