国际医药卫生导报
國際醫藥衛生導報
국제의약위생도보
INTERNATIONAL MEDICINE & HEALTH GUIDANCE NEWS
2012年
3期
360-363
,共4页
住院儿童%死亡率%死亡因素
住院兒童%死亡率%死亡因素
주원인동%사망솔%사망인소
Hospitalized children%Mortality%Death factors
目的 了解近5年儿科住院儿童死因变化情况及性别、年龄、季节分布情况以及儿科死亡病例占全院死亡病例的情况.方法 从电脑检索近5年全院住院死亡人数和儿科住院儿童死亡病例,根据国际疾病《ICD-10》分类原则进行分类,统计分析儿科住院儿童死亡病例的一般情况和主要死亡原因.结果 近5年儿科住院儿童死亡病例占全院死亡病例的4.67％；男女死亡之比为1.09∶1；季节对死亡率有一定影响；婴儿死亡率最高；新生儿死亡原因主要是非感染因素,前五位死因是早产儿及合并症、先天性畸形、吸入性肺炎、窒息、感染,1～5岁则以感染因素多见,≥5岁则以感染及白血病为主要因素.结论 儿童疾病以预防为主,加强妇幼保健工作,提高妇幼保健意识,加强产前检查和孕育指导,提高各级医院在围产期和婴儿期诊疗技术和护理水平,降低新生儿出生缺陷和早产儿出生率是控制新生儿死亡率重要措施,对早期疾病及时干预,控制环境危害对儿童健康的影响[1].
目的 瞭解近5年兒科住院兒童死因變化情況及性彆、年齡、季節分佈情況以及兒科死亡病例佔全院死亡病例的情況.方法 從電腦檢索近5年全院住院死亡人數和兒科住院兒童死亡病例,根據國際疾病《ICD-10》分類原則進行分類,統計分析兒科住院兒童死亡病例的一般情況和主要死亡原因.結果 近5年兒科住院兒童死亡病例佔全院死亡病例的4.67％；男女死亡之比為1.09∶1；季節對死亡率有一定影響；嬰兒死亡率最高；新生兒死亡原因主要是非感染因素,前五位死因是早產兒及閤併癥、先天性畸形、吸入性肺炎、窒息、感染,1～5歲則以感染因素多見,≥5歲則以感染及白血病為主要因素.結論 兒童疾病以預防為主,加彊婦幼保健工作,提高婦幼保健意識,加彊產前檢查和孕育指導,提高各級醫院在圍產期和嬰兒期診療技術和護理水平,降低新生兒齣生缺陷和早產兒齣生率是控製新生兒死亡率重要措施,對早期疾病及時榦預,控製環境危害對兒童健康的影響[1].
목적 료해근5년인과주원인동사인변화정황급성별、년령、계절분포정황이급인과사망병례점전원사망병례적정황.방법 종전뇌검색근5년전원주원사망인수화인과주원인동사망병례,근거국제질병《ICD-10》분류원칙진행분류,통계분석인과주원인동사망병례적일반정황화주요사망원인.결과 근5년인과주원인동사망병례점전원사망병례적4.67％；남녀사망지비위1.09∶1；계절대사망솔유일정영향；영인사망솔최고；신생인사망원인주요시비감염인소,전오위사인시조산인급합병증、선천성기형、흡입성폐염、질식、감염,1～5세칙이감염인소다견,≥5세칙이감염급백혈병위주요인소.결론 인동질병이예방위주,가강부유보건공작,제고부유보건의식,가강산전검사화잉육지도,제고각급의원재위산기화영인기진료기술화호리수평,강저신생인출생결함화조산인출생솔시공제신생인사망솔중요조시,대조기질병급시간예,공제배경위해대인동건강적영향[1].
Objective To comprehend the causes of death in hospitalized children in recent 5 years and the changes of gender,age,and seasonal distribution and the ratio of pediatric deatht ot otal death.Methods The general conditions and major causes of death in the hospitalized children in recent 5 years were analyzed according to the ICD-10.Results Pediatric death was 4.67％ of the total death,with a male to female ratio of 1.09∶1.Season has some effect on mortality.The death rate was highest in infants.Non infectious factors were the main causes of neonatal death.The top five causes of death was premature with complications,congenital malformations,aspiration pneumonia,asphyxia,and infection.Infection was more common in children aged 1 to 5,and infection and leukemia were the major causes in those older than 5.Conclusions Prevention is the major measure for childhood diseases.Improvement of health care for women and children,reinforcement of antenatal examinations and instructions for pregnancy and childbirth,improvement of nursing care intheperionatal stage and infancy,and reduction of birth defects and preterm birth rate are the important measures to control neonatal mortality.Early diseases should be treated promptly and environmental hazards should be eliminated.
