兽类学报
獸類學報
수류학보
ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA
2009年
4期
396-405
,共10页
张美文%王勇%李波%黄璜%陈剑%韩立亮
張美文%王勇%李波%黃璜%陳劍%韓立亮
장미문%왕용%리파%황황%진검%한립량
东方田鼠%黑线姬鼠%繁殖特性%退田还湖%洞庭湖区
東方田鼠%黑線姬鼠%繁殖特性%退田還湖%洞庭湖區
동방전서%흑선희서%번식특성%퇴전환호%동정호구
Dongting Lake region%Reproduction characteristics%Return the cropland back into lake%Striped field mouse {Apodemus agrarius)%Yangtze voles {Microtus fortis)
针对洞庭湖区实施的"退田还湖"重大生态环境恢复工程,以原有"围湖"造的垸田和垸外湖滩为对照,对退田还湖区(含双退与单退两种形式)的啮齿动物群落于2003～2006年进行定位观察.采用夹捕法进行采样,于每年的1月、4月、7月、10月进行.比较洞庭湖不同退田还湖类型区东方田鼠和黑线姬鼠种群的繁殖指标参数.总体来看,调查期间东方田鼠和黑线姬鼠的繁殖指数要比上世纪80～90年代报道的要高,这与前几年其种群处于年数量低谷有关,是东方田鼠和黑线姬鼠种群负反馈机制的体现.不同类型生境间的比较结果显示,单退垸与原有生境没有明显变化,而双退垸内黑线姬鼠和东方田鼠均有较显著的变化,主要表现在双退垸内夏季东方田鼠保持高的繁殖能力和黑线姬鼠的繁殖力锐减.由于双退垸的高程优势,鼠群在夏季汛期不会迁出垸内,仅迁移集中至较高区域,这种水位变化引导的害鼠种群迁移应该是造成繁殖变化的主要原因.由于黑线姬鼠不适应这种迁移以及集中后与东方田鼠的激烈竞争,迁移到高地后的黑线姬鼠几乎停止繁殖,繁殖指数仅为0.03(I_♀=0.05),明显低于当期其它生境.值得注意的是夏季滞留在双退垸内的东方田鼠,繁殖强度却不减,繁殖指数达1.54(I_♀=3.36),与春季湖滩种群的相当.说明没有经过长距离迁移的东方田鼠种群,在夏季仍会保持较高的繁殖强度,与夏季被迫远距离迁入农田的东方田鼠种群繁殖力急剧下降形成鲜明对比.由此可知,在初夏如果有适宜的栖息地(如双退垸的高台、原有堤岸等),东方田鼠仍能保持较强繁殖力.本文揭示了双退垸内水位变化引发种群迁移后东方田鼠和黑线姬鼠繁殖能力的这种迥异表现,具体深层次原因有待进一步探讨.
針對洞庭湖區實施的"退田還湖"重大生態環境恢複工程,以原有"圍湖"造的垸田和垸外湖灘為對照,對退田還湖區(含雙退與單退兩種形式)的齧齒動物群落于2003～2006年進行定位觀察.採用夾捕法進行採樣,于每年的1月、4月、7月、10月進行.比較洞庭湖不同退田還湖類型區東方田鼠和黑線姬鼠種群的繁殖指標參數.總體來看,調查期間東方田鼠和黑線姬鼠的繁殖指數要比上世紀80～90年代報道的要高,這與前幾年其種群處于年數量低穀有關,是東方田鼠和黑線姬鼠種群負反饋機製的體現.不同類型生境間的比較結果顯示,單退垸與原有生境沒有明顯變化,而雙退垸內黑線姬鼠和東方田鼠均有較顯著的變化,主要錶現在雙退垸內夏季東方田鼠保持高的繁殖能力和黑線姬鼠的繁殖力銳減.由于雙退垸的高程優勢,鼠群在夏季汛期不會遷齣垸內,僅遷移集中至較高區域,這種水位變化引導的害鼠種群遷移應該是造成繁殖變化的主要原因.由于黑線姬鼠不適應這種遷移以及集中後與東方田鼠的激烈競爭,遷移到高地後的黑線姬鼠幾乎停止繁殖,繁殖指數僅為0.03(I_♀=0.05),明顯低于噹期其它生境.值得註意的是夏季滯留在雙退垸內的東方田鼠,繁殖彊度卻不減,繁殖指數達1.54(I_♀=3.36),與春季湖灘種群的相噹.說明沒有經過長距離遷移的東方田鼠種群,在夏季仍會保持較高的繁殖彊度,與夏季被迫遠距離遷入農田的東方田鼠種群繁殖力急劇下降形成鮮明對比.由此可知,在初夏如果有適宜的棲息地(如雙退垸的高檯、原有隄岸等),東方田鼠仍能保持較彊繁殖力.本文揭示瞭雙退垸內水位變化引髮種群遷移後東方田鼠和黑線姬鼠繁殖能力的這種迥異錶現,具體深層次原因有待進一步探討.
침대동정호구실시적"퇴전환호"중대생태배경회복공정,이원유"위호"조적완전화완외호탄위대조,대퇴전환호구(함쌍퇴여단퇴량충형식)적교치동물군락우2003～2006년진행정위관찰.채용협포법진행채양,우매년적1월、4월、7월、10월진행.비교동정호불동퇴전환호류형구동방전서화흑선희서충군적번식지표삼수.총체래간,조사기간동방전서화흑선희서적번식지수요비상세기80～90년대보도적요고,저여전궤년기충군처우년수량저곡유관,시동방전서화흑선희서충군부반궤궤제적체현.불동류형생경간적비교결과현시,단퇴완여원유생경몰유명현변화,이쌍퇴완내흑선희서화동방전서균유교현저적변화,주요표현재쌍퇴완내하계동방전서보지고적번식능력화흑선희서적번식력예감.유우쌍퇴완적고정우세,서군재하계신기불회천출완내,부천이집중지교고구역,저충수위변화인도적해서충군천이응해시조성번식변화적주요원인.유우흑선희서불괄응저충천이이급집중후여동방전서적격렬경쟁,천이도고지후적흑선희서궤호정지번식,번식지수부위0.03(I_♀=0.05),명현저우당기기타생경.치득주의적시하계체류재쌍퇴완내적동방전서,번식강도각불감,번식지수체1.54(I_♀=3.36),여춘계호탄충군적상당.설명몰유경과장거리천이적동방전서충군,재하계잉회보지교고적번식강도,여하계피박원거리천입농전적동방전서충군번식력급극하강형성선명대비.유차가지,재초하여과유괄의적서식지(여쌍퇴완적고태、원유제안등),동방전서잉능보지교강번식력.본문게시료쌍퇴완내수위변화인발충군천이후동방전서화흑선희서번식능력적저충형이표현,구체심층차원인유대진일보탐토.
The reproductive characteristics of the striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) and the Yangtze vole ( Microtus fortis) were studied in an area being restored to lake in the Dongting Lake region. There were two main ways that farmland was restored. In Double Restoration Polders ( DRP) both human habitation and agricultural activity were removed, while in Single Restoration Polders (SRP) only human habitations were removed but agricultural activities continued. The study was conducted in January, April, July and October from 2003 to 2006. Snap traps were used to get samples in all plots through-out the census. Seven typical plots (seven different types of habitats for small mammals) were selected for investigation. Habitat 1 was hilly woodland around the lake which was covered by some shrub, arbor and herb, and M. fortis often immi grated to here from beach of lake during flood season. Habitat 2 and habitat 3 were normal farmland in protected polders. There was an M. fortis population migrating into habitat 3 during flood season, as there was a large stretch of beach outside of the dike near the habitat. Habitats 4 and 5 were SKP. Habitat 4 was still farm and the majority of the area of habitat 5 was planted in one kind of poplar (Populus spp. ). Habitat 6 was typical DRP, which was also covered by arbor. Habitat 7 was the beach of lake which has fully developed ( matured beach) , it was covered by Carex spp. and Polygonum hy-dropiper. The reproductive characteristics of Apodemus agrarius and Microtus fortis were compared among these habitats, and also compared with historical data we acquired during 1980 and 1990. The indices of reproduction of females were higher than those in the historical data for both A. agrarius, which was the dominant species in farmland, and for M. fortis, which was dominant species on beach of the lake. Both species were at a low point of multi-annual population fluctuations. Both species displayed no significant changes except for in DRP during the summer. In normal situations, the populations on the matured beach were forced to cross the dike and immigrate into the farmland or hillock when the beach was covered by water in flood season. However, there were some higher points and some abandoned dike in DRP which may not be cov-ered by water and may became refugia for Microtus fortis and Apodemus agrarius. As a result,- they did not across the dike, but rather, just moved to the high level places. The population of the Microtus fortis which still stayed in DRP during sum-mer (flood season) continued their reproductive peak, and the index of reproduction was 1.54 (I_♀=3.36), whereas the population of M. fortis which was forced to migrate into farmland or hillocks almost stopped breeding and its fecundity be-came low. We expected that the Microtus fortis which didn' t undergo long distance migration would remain highly fecund in summer. On the other hand, Apodemus agrarius showed opposite responses in terms of reproduction. The historical data showed that there were two breeding peaks in a year, the first peak was in spring and the other was in autumn. Although there was a relative decrease in summer, there still was some reproduction. However, the Apodemus agrarius in DRP almost stop breeding in the summer after migration from low level places to high level places, and the index of reproduction was on-ly 0. 03 (I_♀= 0. 05). In addition to migration, competition between Microtus fortis and Apodemus agrarius in DRP might contribute to the drastic decrease in reproduction for Apodemus agrarius. The same phenomenon was found in the historical data from 1990. This study has shown different responses of A. agrarius and M. fortis in reproduction after migration in DRP in summer.
