CAJ | 학술논문

为研究在高温和低温胁迫条件下的三系杂交棉花粉育性稳定性问题,利用棉花细胞质雄性不育系和恢复系,配制2个三系杂交棉组合,抗Ax浙大强恢(记作:强恢F1)和抗AxDES-HMF277(记作:弱恢F_1),并以保持系(抗B)为对照,分别进行温室控温试验和田间自然温度试验,分析三系杂交棉对高温和低温胁迫的反应和花粉育性转换(可育至不育)的临界温度.试验表明,一般三系杂交棉的花粉育性对胁迫温度的反应比保持系敏感,常常花粉散粉少和花粉活力较低.不同三系杂交棉组合对胁迫温度的抗性存在明显差异,强恢F_1明显高于弱恢F_1,与保持系的育性相似,可育花粉率和自交结铃率较高,不孕籽率较低.经可育花粉率(Y)与温度(T)的回归分析,花粉育性转换的临界温度符合Y=a(T-T_(opt))~2+6模型.强恢F_1育性转换的上限和下限温度分别为38.0℃和13.0℃,弱恢F1为36.0℃和14.0℃,保持系为38.5℃和10.0℃.与低温胁迫比较,高温胁迫在我国大部分棉区更普遍,持续时间更长,对产量影响更大.提高三系杂交棉在胁迫气温条件下的花粉育性的稳定性是近期育种的重要目标.
위연구재고온화저온협박조건하적삼계잡교면화분육성은정성문제,이용면화세포질웅성불육계화회복계,배제2개삼계잡교면조합,항Ax절대강회(기작:강회F1)화항AxDES-HMF277(기작:약회F_1),병이보지계(항B)위대조,분별진행온실공온시험화전간자연온도시험,분석삼계잡교면대고온화저온협박적반응화화분육성전환(가육지불육)적림계온도.시험표명,일반삼계잡교면적화분육성대협박온도적반응비보지계민감,상상화분산분소화화분활력교저.불동삼계잡교면조합대협박온도적항성존재명현차이,강회F_1명현고우약회F_1,여보지계적육성상사,가육화분솔화자교결령솔교고,불잉자솔교저.경가육화분솔(Y)여온도(T)적회귀분석,화분육성전환적림계온도부합Y=a(T-T_(opt))~2+6모형.강회F_1육성전환적상한화하한온도분별위38.0℃화13.0℃,약회F1위36.0℃화14.0℃,보지계위38.5℃화10.0℃.여저온협박비교,고온협박재아국대부분면구경보편,지속시간경장,대산량영향경대.제고삼계잡교면재협박기온조건하적화분육성적은정성시근기육충적중요목표.
Planting CMS-based hybrid cotton is an important way to use cotton hetcrosis. Fertility of hybrid cotton pollens is in-fluenced by cultivar, climatic conditions, management practices and pests. Among all the factors, temperature is the primary one affecting cotton growth, the following is air humidity. Stability of pollen fertility under high and low temperature stresses, associ-ated with the hetcrosis expression of CMS-based hybrids, is the main point to elucidate in this study. The fertility differences be-tween hybrids and the maintainer were compared by testing the percentage of fertile pollens in the greenhouse experiment with temperature controlled and the field experiment with natural temperature. In addition, percentage of setting bolls and percentage of aborted seeds were tested in the field experiment. Pollen fertility was checked by benzidine-Naphthol fluorescence microscopic method, while cross-pollination experiments were performed by dusting pollen obtained from corresponding restorers, then per-centage of setting boils and percentage of aborted seeds were determined by calculating the number of boils or seeds, respectively. The critical temperatures for upper limit and lower limit were searched from different given consistent temperatures, which each temperature was kept for eight days in the greenhouse when cotton pollens turned from fertility to sterility. The results showed that the response of CMS-based hybrids to the extreme temperature stress was more sensitive than that of the maintainer, while the former usually had lower stability in pollen vitality under the stress. However, different CMS-based hybrids had various toler-ances to temperature stress, for example, hybrids (F_1) restored by Zheda strong restorer showed higher pollen viability, more set-ting bolls and less aborted seeds under the stress than others. The response of pollen fertility to air temperature had a 5-day's delay in the field. Furthermore, the changes of maximum air temperature were more consistent with the curve of the percentage of pol-len viability than those of average air temperature. It showed that the maximum air temperature for several days before anthesis affected the viability of pollen more salient. The Quadratic model [Y = a (T-T_(opt))~2+b], applied to analysis the relationship between pollen viability (Y) and temperature (T), was best described as the temperature response functions of pollen fertility. According to actual observation, combined with the predicted value from the model above, the upper and lower critical temperatures for shift of fertility were 38.0℃ and 13.0℃ for hybrids restored by Zheda strong restorer, 36.0℃ and 14.0℃ for hybrids restored by DES-HMF277, and 38.5℃ and 10.0℃ for their maintainer. Compared with the low temperature stress, in the major cot-ton-growing areas of China, high temperature stress was more widespread, with longer duration and greater impact on yield. Im-proving the pollen fertility stability of CMS-based hybrid cotton under extreme temperature stress is an important goal in recent breeding program.