CAJ | 학술논문

在对榆林地区仰韶时期至西周聚落遗址时空分布及考古资料分析的基础上,探讨了区内聚落分布同环境变化的关系.研究表明,本区全新世气候具有较大幅度的变化历史,与其相应的人类活动同样具有强烈的兴衰变化特点,表明气候变化对人类活动产生了重要影响.但在 5～4kaB.P.前后,在气温和降水有所降低的背景下,人类文化却得到进一步发展,进入鼎盛时期,说明除了当时的环境仍较为适宜外,社会发展自身规律对人类文化发展也有重要影响.研究表明,本区全新世人类文化发展可以划分为3个阶段: 自仰韶文化半坡类型时期开始,榆林地区的气候处于全新世鼎盛期,吸引南来移民在此定居,6.5～4.5kaB.P.的约2000年间形成的遗址有127处; 龙山前期气候较为适宜,4kaB.P.后气候转向干凉,但由于环境条件仍然较为适宜和人类社会自身发展规律的影响,在 4.5～3.7kaB.P.仅800年的时间形成的遗址多达740处,分布范围有所扩大; 商代和西周时期,由于气候的进一步干凉化,对人类文化发展产生了严重的负面影响,使得该时期遗址数量大幅减少至77处,表明当时人口的显著减少和社会繁荣程度的明显退步,且畜牧业在经济中的比重有所增加.
재대유임지구앙소시기지서주취락유지시공분포급고고자료분석적기출상,탐토료구내취락분포동배경변화적관계.연구표명,본구전신세기후구유교대폭도적변화역사,여기상응적인류활동동양구유강렬적흥쇠변화특점,표명기후변화대인류활동산생료중요영향.단재 5～4kaB.P.전후,재기온화강수유소강저적배경하,인류문화각득도진일보발전,진입정성시기,설명제료당시적배경잉교위괄의외,사회발전자신규률대인류문화발전야유중요영향.연구표명,본구전신세인류문화발전가이화분위3개계단: 자앙소문화반파류형시기개시,유임지구적기후처우전신세정성기,흡인남래이민재차정거,6.5～4.5kaB.P.적약2000년간형성적유지유127처; 룡산전기기후교위괄의,4kaB.P.후기후전향간량,단유우배경조건잉연교위괄의화인류사회자신발전규률적영향,재 4.5～3.7kaB.P.부800년적시간형성적유지다체740처,분포범위유소확대; 상대화서주시기,유우기후적진일보간량화,대인류문화발전산생료엄중적부면영향,사득해시기유지수량대폭감소지77처,표명당시인구적현저감소화사회번영정도적명현퇴보,차축목업재경제중적비중유소증가.
Based on the archaeological analysis of the spatial-temporal distribution of the Yangshao Age to Western Zhou Dynasty's settlement sites in the Yulin area,Shaanxi Province,this paper approaches relationships between the settlement distribution and the environmental change. In this area the Holocene climate showed a significant fluctuation,which was evidently reflected in the prosperity and decline of human activity. However,when temperature and precipitation decreased around 5～4kaB.P. ,human culture developed and prospered greatly,showing that besides a suitable environment,the social development law itself is important for the prosperity of human culture. The Holocene human culture development in the area can be divided into three phases: 6.5～4.5kaB.P. ,4.5～3.7kaB.P. ,and the Shang to the West Zhou period. From the beginning of the Yangshao culture's Banpo Type Age,the climate was better in about 2000 years of 6.5～4.5kaB.P. ,and a lot of people from the south were attracted to settle down. Therefore,127 settlement sites have been discovered. In about 800 years of 4.5～3.7kaB.P. ,especially after 4kaB.P. ,the climate became dry and cold,although in the early of the Long Shan culture,the climate was better. But because of increase of human living ability,as many as 740 settlement sites have been discovered. During the Shang to the West Zhou period the climate became drier and colder,resulting in decrease of population and development of husbandry. Therefore,only 77 settlement sites have been discovered.