中国地方病学杂志
中國地方病學雜誌
중국지방병학잡지
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ENDEMIOLOGY
2009年
1期
66-70
,共5页
罗鹏%张爱华%洪峰%梁冰%肖婷婷%杨光红%黄晓欣%董学新%张碧霞%杨大平%徐晓筑
囉鵬%張愛華%洪峰%樑冰%肖婷婷%楊光紅%黃曉訢%董學新%張碧霞%楊大平%徐曉築
라붕%장애화%홍봉%량빙%초정정%양광홍%황효흔%동학신%장벽하%양대평%서효축
空气污染,室内%砷中毒%煤%危险因素
空氣汙染,室內%砷中毒%煤%危險因素
공기오염,실내%신중독%매%위험인소
Air pollution,indoor%Arsenic poisoning%Coal%Risk factors
目的 对比分析贵州省兴仁县燃煤污染型砷中毒病区9年前后(1998、2006年)环境危险因素的变化,为了解该病的发生、发展原因和进一步采取针对性十预控制措施提供依据.方法 采用典型抽样方法对1998年确诊的181例燃煤污染型砷中毒患者进行追踪调查,调查的项目包括年龄、性别、家庭经济状况、燃用和停用高砷煤年限、室内通风情况、食物十燥方式、吸烟等;同时选择病区12 km以外非砷污染村65例居民作为对照组.采用二乙基二硫代甲酸银法(Ag-DDC)测定煤、土壤、空气、水、大米、玉米和辣椒中含砷量:单因素和多因素非条件Logistic回归模型分析燃煤污染型砷中毒人群的暴露凶素和环境危险冈索的关系,比较9年前后的差异.结果 病区室内、室外空气和燃煤、辣椒、玉米含砷量均值由1998年的0.0880、0.0220 mg/m3和397.20、45.07、2.64 mg/kg分别下降到2006年的0.0790、0.0070 mg/m3和93.01、3.46、1.50 mg/kg.9年前后的多因素非条件Logistic回归分析,在发生燃煤污染型砷中毒的相关因素中,危险因素为燃用高砷煤年限、年龄、氟中毒和吸烟(x2值分别为50.159、12.195、37.690、6.358,P＜0.01或＜0.05),影响因素为家庭经济状况(x2=4.614,P＜0.05);居室通风情况由1998年的危险因素转变为2006年的影响因素(x2=38.093.P＜0.01);煤火烘烤粮食和文化程度,在2006年不再是危险冈素和影响因素,但粮食保存方式和性别成为影响因素(x2值分别为17.463,11.004,P＜0.01).结论 贵州省兴仁县燃煤污染型砷中毒病区9年后环境砷污染状况明显改善,病区低剂量砷污染的持续存在是该型砷中毒未得以明显控制的主要原因;燃用高砷煤年限、年龄、吸烟、氟中毒、家庭经济状况和居室通风情况与该病的发生发展密切相关;切实禁绝燃用高砷煤、加强和巩固改炉改灶和发展病区经济是进一步控制燃煤污染型砷中毒的有效措施.
目的 對比分析貴州省興仁縣燃煤汙染型砷中毒病區9年前後(1998、2006年)環境危險因素的變化,為瞭解該病的髮生、髮展原因和進一步採取針對性十預控製措施提供依據.方法 採用典型抽樣方法對1998年確診的181例燃煤汙染型砷中毒患者進行追蹤調查,調查的項目包括年齡、性彆、傢庭經濟狀況、燃用和停用高砷煤年限、室內通風情況、食物十燥方式、吸煙等;同時選擇病區12 km以外非砷汙染村65例居民作為對照組.採用二乙基二硫代甲痠銀法(Ag-DDC)測定煤、土壤、空氣、水、大米、玉米和辣椒中含砷量:單因素和多因素非條件Logistic迴歸模型分析燃煤汙染型砷中毒人群的暴露兇素和環境危險岡索的關繫,比較9年前後的差異.結果 病區室內、室外空氣和燃煤、辣椒、玉米含砷量均值由1998年的0.0880、0.0220 mg/m3和397.20、45.07、2.64 mg/kg分彆下降到2006年的0.0790、0.0070 mg/m3和93.01、3.46、1.50 mg/kg.9年前後的多因素非條件Logistic迴歸分析,在髮生燃煤汙染型砷中毒的相關因素中,危險因素為燃用高砷煤年限、年齡、氟中毒和吸煙(x2值分彆為50.159、12.195、37.690、6.358,P＜0.01或＜0.05),影響因素為傢庭經濟狀況(x2=4.614,P＜0.05);居室通風情況由1998年的危險因素轉變為2006年的影響因素(x2=38.093.P＜0.01);煤火烘烤糧食和文化程度,在2006年不再是危險岡素和影響因素,但糧食保存方式和性彆成為影響因素(x2值分彆為17.463,11.004,P＜0.01).結論 貴州省興仁縣燃煤汙染型砷中毒病區9年後環境砷汙染狀況明顯改善,病區低劑量砷汙染的持續存在是該型砷中毒未得以明顯控製的主要原因;燃用高砷煤年限、年齡、吸煙、氟中毒、傢庭經濟狀況和居室通風情況與該病的髮生髮展密切相關;切實禁絕燃用高砷煤、加彊和鞏固改爐改竈和髮展病區經濟是進一步控製燃煤汙染型砷中毒的有效措施.
목적 대비분석귀주성흥인현연매오염형신중독병구9년전후(1998、2006년)배경위험인소적변화,위료해해병적발생、발전원인화진일보채취침대성십예공제조시제공의거.방법 채용전형추양방법대1998년학진적181례연매오염형신중독환자진행추종조사,조사적항목포괄년령、성별、가정경제상황、연용화정용고신매년한、실내통풍정황、식물십조방식、흡연등;동시선택병구12 km이외비신오염촌65례거민작위대조조.채용이을기이류대갑산은법(Ag-DDC)측정매、토양、공기、수、대미、옥미화랄초중함신량:단인소화다인소비조건Logistic회귀모형분석연매오염형신중독인군적폭로흉소화배경위험강색적관계,비교9년전후적차이.결과 병구실내、실외공기화연매、랄초、옥미함신량균치유1998년적0.0880、0.0220 mg/m3화397.20、45.07、2.64 mg/kg분별하강도2006년적0.0790、0.0070 mg/m3화93.01、3.46、1.50 mg/kg.9년전후적다인소비조건Logistic회귀분석,재발생연매오염형신중독적상관인소중,위험인소위연용고신매년한、년령、불중독화흡연(x2치분별위50.159、12.195、37.690、6.358,P＜0.01혹＜0.05),영향인소위가정경제상황(x2=4.614,P＜0.05);거실통풍정황유1998년적위험인소전변위2006년적영향인소(x2=38.093.P＜0.01);매화홍고양식화문화정도,재2006년불재시위험강소화영향인소,단양식보존방식화성별성위영향인소(x2치분별위17.463,11.004,P＜0.01).결론 귀주성흥인현연매오염형신중독병구9년후배경신오염상황명현개선,병구저제량신오염적지속존재시해형신중독미득이명현공제적주요원인;연용고신매년한、년령、흡연、불중독、가정경제상황화거실통풍정황여해병적발생발전밀절상관;절실금절연용고신매、가강화공고개로개조화발전병구경제시진일보공제연매오염형신중독적유효조시.
Objective To comparatively analyze the changes of environmental risk factors in 9 years in an area polluted by arsenic coal-burning in Xingren County of Guizhou Province,in order to provide evidence for reasoning the occurrence and development as well as its effective prevention and control.Methods Epidemiological sampling methods was used to conduct follow-up investigation on 181 arsenism patients who were diagnosed in 1998 in arsenic polluted area.Control group included 65 residents who lived far from polluted area of 12 km.The follow up investigation included age,sexuality,family economic situation,time of use or stop use of arsenic coal, ventilation of the room,desiccation of food etc.Diethyl dithiocarbamate silver(Ag-DDC)method was used to detect arsenic content of coal,soil,air,water and rice,corn,chili;Single factor and multivariate factors non-conditional Logistic regression models were used to analyze exposure factors of patients and related environmental risk factom, and the differences of those in 1998 and 2006 were compared. Results The arsenic content in indoor and outdoor air,coal,chili and corn went down from 0.0880 and 0.0220 mg/m3,397.20,45.07 and 2.64 mg/kg in 1998 to 0.0790 and 0.0070 mg/m3,93.01,3.46 and 1.50 mg/kg in 2006. Arsenic contents of other samples were less than national standard. The analysis of single factor and multivariate factors non-conditional Logistic regression showed that time of using high arsenic coal,age,fluorosis and smoking(x2 = 50.159,12.195,37.69,6.358,P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01 ) were still the main risk factors for arsenism,while family economic situation was still influential factors (X2 = 4.614,P ＜ 0.05);Ventilation of the room changed from a risk factors at 1998 to an influencing factors at 2006(X2 = 38.093,P ＜ 0.01 ). Single factor non-conditional Logistic regression model analysis showed that food desiccation by arsenic coal-burning and educational level were no longer risk and influencing factors,while food preservation and gender had become influencing factors(x2 = 17.463,11.004,all P ＜ 0.01 ) nine years after. Conclusions Environmental arsenic pollution in arsenism area in Guizhou Province has been obviously improved after nine years. However,the continued existence of low doses of arsenic pollution is still a major cause of failure of controlling arsenism. Time of using high arsenic coal,age,smoking,fluorosis,family economic situation and ventilating room are closely related to the occurrence and the development of arsenism. Prohibition of use of high arsenic coal,furnace improvement,health education and economic development are effective measures
