CAJ | 학술논문

目的探讨深圳市盐田区4～10岁儿童行为问题及影响因素,为制定干预措施提供依据.方法采用Achenbach儿童行为量表(Child Behavior Checklist,CBCL)及自制儿童基本情况调查表,对1129名4～10岁儿童的行为及相关因素进行调查,并对调查结果进行多元逐步回归分析.结果 ①行为问题检出率为18.87%,男童高于女童(2=5.25,P＜0.05),学龄前儿童行为问题检出率明显高于学龄儿童(2=9.34,P＜0.01).②学龄前期男童前3位的行为问题因子依次为攻击性行为(6.62%)、焦虑/抑郁(5.57%)、思维问题(4.88%),女童为思维问题(5.61%)、退缩(5.10%)、焦虑/抑郁(4.59%),男童攻击性行为因子检出率显著高于女童(2=6.94,P＜0.01),女童退缩因子检出率明显高于男童(2=5.10,P＜0.05);而学龄期男童前3位的行为问题因子依次为注意问题(5.39%)、社交问题(4.85%)、违纪行为(4.58%),女童为退缩(5.45%)、焦虑/抑郁(4.73%)、躯体主诉(4.36%),男童注意问题因子检出率明显高于女童(2=5.42,P＜0.05),女童退缩、躯体主诉2个因子检出率高于男童,差异有显著性(2=5.45、4.36,P＜0.01或0.05).③儿童行为问题的主要影响因素有:户籍类型、家庭类型、家庭经济收入、父亲文化程度、母亲文化程度、父亲职业稳定状况、父母婚姻关系和父母的管教方法.结论要减少儿童行为问题的发生,家庭、学校、社会必须联合采取综合干预措施,而以家庭因素尤为重要.
목적 탐토심수시염전구4～10세인동행위문제급영향인소,위제정간예조시제공의거.방법 채용Achenbach인동행위량표(Child Behavior Checklist,CBCL)급자제인동기본정황조사표,대1129명4～10세인동적행위급상관인소진행조사,병대조사결과진행다원축보회귀분석.결과 ①행위문제검출솔위18.87%,남동고우녀동(2=5.25,P＜0.05),학령전인동행위문제검출솔명현고우학령인동(2=9.34,P＜0.01).②학령전기남동전3위적행위문제인자의차위공격성행위(6.62%)、초필/억욱(5.57%)、사유문제(4.88%),녀동위사유문제(5.61%)、퇴축(5.10%)、초필/억욱(4.59%),남동공격성행위인자검출솔현저고우녀동(2=6.94,P＜0.01),녀동퇴축인자검출솔명현고우남동(2=5.10,P＜0.05);이학령기남동전3위적행위문제인자의차위주의문제(5.39%)、사교문제(4.85%)、위기행위(4.58%),녀동위퇴축(5.45%)、초필/억욱(4.73%)、구체주소(4.36%),남동주의문제인자검출솔명현고우녀동(2=5.42,P＜0.05),녀동퇴축、구체주소2개인자검출솔고우남동,차이유현저성(2=5.45、4.36,P＜0.01혹0.05).③인동행위문제적주요영향인소유:호적류형、가정류형、가정경제수입、부친문화정도、모친문화정도、부친직업은정상황、부모혼인관계화부모적관교방법.결론 요감소인동행위문제적발생,가정、학교、사회필수연합채취종합간예조시,이이가정인소우위중요.
Objective To investigate the factors influencing behavioral problems of children aged 4～10 years in Shenzhen. Methods 1129 children aged 4～10 years were surveyed by using the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist and a self-made questionnaire of basic condition for children. Multiple regression analysis were performed with SPSS software. Results ①The rate of behavioral problems of children was 18.87%,and the behavioral problems of male children were much more than those of female children(2=5.25,P＜0.05),and the behavioral problems of preschool children were much more than those of school-ager ones(2=9.34,P＜0.01). ② Three leading behavioral factors of male children were aggressive(6.62%),anxiety/depression (5.57%), thought disorder (4.88%),and those of female children were thought disorder(5.61%), withdrawal(5.10%),anxiety/depression(4.59%)in preschool. The rate of aggressive was much more in male than female(2=6.94,P＜0.01),and the rate of withdrawal was much more in female than male(2=5.10,P＜0.05).Three leading behavioral factors of male children were attention deficit(5.39%),social disorder(4.85%),delinquent(4.58%),and those of female children were withdrawal(5.45%),anxiety/ depression(4.73%),somatic complaints(4.36%) in school.The rate of attention deficit was much more in male than female(2=5.42,P＜0.05),and the rates of withdrawal and somatic complaints were much more in female than male(2=5.45,4.36,P＜0.01,0.05). ③ The main factors affected behavioral problems of the children were residence type,family type,economic condition of the family,father education status,mother education status, father occupation,the relationship between parents and certainly styles. Conclusion To reduce the prevalence of behavioral problems,comprehensive measures should be taken among family,school and society,and family is more important.