中国科学院研究生院学报
中國科學院研究生院學報
중국과학원연구생원학보
JOURNAL OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
2010年
4期
568-576
,共9页
多环芳烃%生物有效性%传输%被动采样%三油酸甘油酯-醋酸纤维素复合膜
多環芳烴%生物有效性%傳輸%被動採樣%三油痠甘油酯-醋痠纖維素複閤膜
다배방경%생물유효성%전수%피동채양%삼유산감유지-작산섬유소복합막
PAHs%bioavailability%translocation%passive sampling,triolein embedded cellulose acetate membrane
多环芳烃(PAHs)是中国土壤中广泛存在的一类具有致癌、致畸、致突变等危害的持久性有机污染物,其在环境中降解缓慢,具有生物累积性,并可通过食物链传递、放大,对人体健康构成很大威胁,因此迫切需要开展其生物有效性及生态风险相关研究.本文研究了农田污染土壤中14种中到高疏水性PAHs在植物体内的吸收、累积及从根部向茎叶部分的传输.结果表明中到高疏水性的有机污染物如PAHs可在植物体内发生从根向茎叶的传输,向茎叶传输的量与化合物的疏水性之间存在显著的线性定量关系;同时,一种新型半渗透膜采样装置--三油酸甘油酯-醋酸纤维素复合膜(TECAM)被成功地应用于土壤中PAHs的采集及其对植物(Triticum aestivum L.)和蚯蚓(Eisenia andrei)的生物有效性,结果表明:TECAM对土壤中PAHs的采样可在48h内达到表观平衡,大大缩短了土壤中有机污染物的采样时间;TECAM可反映PAHs在土壤中的残留时间、土壤有机质及溶解有机碳含量对PAHs生物有效性的影响;TECAM内PAHs浓度与蚯蚓体内浓度存在显著的线性相关关系;与化学提取方法相比,TECAM采集的PAHs不仅在浓度上与小麦根中浓度存在显著线性相关关系,而且TECAM采集的PAHs量也与小麦根富集的量相当;进一步提出了"土壤-孔隙水-TECAM"三室模型,并成功地描述了TECAM采集土壤中PAHs的三相平衡过程;此外,TECAM采样对土壤扰动小,操作简单,因此是采集土壤中有机污染物以及评价土壤中有机污染物生物有效性的有效方法.
多環芳烴(PAHs)是中國土壤中廣汎存在的一類具有緻癌、緻畸、緻突變等危害的持久性有機汙染物,其在環境中降解緩慢,具有生物纍積性,併可通過食物鏈傳遞、放大,對人體健康構成很大威脅,因此迫切需要開展其生物有效性及生態風險相關研究.本文研究瞭農田汙染土壤中14種中到高疏水性PAHs在植物體內的吸收、纍積及從根部嚮莖葉部分的傳輸.結果錶明中到高疏水性的有機汙染物如PAHs可在植物體內髮生從根嚮莖葉的傳輸,嚮莖葉傳輸的量與化閤物的疏水性之間存在顯著的線性定量關繫;同時,一種新型半滲透膜採樣裝置--三油痠甘油酯-醋痠纖維素複閤膜(TECAM)被成功地應用于土壤中PAHs的採集及其對植物(Triticum aestivum L.)和蚯蚓(Eisenia andrei)的生物有效性,結果錶明:TECAM對土壤中PAHs的採樣可在48h內達到錶觀平衡,大大縮短瞭土壤中有機汙染物的採樣時間;TECAM可反映PAHs在土壤中的殘留時間、土壤有機質及溶解有機碳含量對PAHs生物有效性的影響;TECAM內PAHs濃度與蚯蚓體內濃度存在顯著的線性相關關繫;與化學提取方法相比,TECAM採集的PAHs不僅在濃度上與小麥根中濃度存在顯著線性相關關繫,而且TECAM採集的PAHs量也與小麥根富集的量相噹;進一步提齣瞭"土壤-孔隙水-TECAM"三室模型,併成功地描述瞭TECAM採集土壤中PAHs的三相平衡過程;此外,TECAM採樣對土壤擾動小,操作簡單,因此是採集土壤中有機汙染物以及評價土壤中有機汙染物生物有效性的有效方法.
다배방경(PAHs)시중국토양중엄범존재적일류구유치암、치기、치돌변등위해적지구성유궤오염물,기재배경중강해완만,구유생물루적성,병가통과식물련전체、방대,대인체건강구성흔대위협,인차박절수요개전기생물유효성급생태풍험상관연구.본문연구료농전오염토양중14충중도고소수성PAHs재식물체내적흡수、루적급종근부향경협부분적전수.결과표명중도고소수성적유궤오염물여PAHs가재식물체내발생종근향경협적전수,향경협전수적량여화합물적소수성지간존재현저적선성정량관계;동시,일충신형반삼투막채양장치--삼유산감유지-작산섬유소복합막(TECAM)피성공지응용우토양중PAHs적채집급기대식물(Triticum aestivum L.)화구인(Eisenia andrei)적생물유효성,결과표명:TECAM대토양중PAHs적채양가재48h내체도표관평형,대대축단료토양중유궤오염물적채양시간;TECAM가반영PAHs재토양중적잔류시간、토양유궤질급용해유궤탄함량대PAHs생물유효성적영향;TECAM내PAHs농도여구인체내농도존재현저적선성상관관계;여화학제취방법상비,TECAM채집적PAHs불부재농도상여소맥근중농도존재현저선성상관관계,이차TECAM채집적PAHs량야여소맥근부집적량상당;진일보제출료"토양-공극수-TECAM"삼실모형,병성공지묘술료TECAM채집토양중PAHs적삼상평형과정;차외,TECAM채양대토양우동소,조작간단,인차시채집토양중유궤오염물이급평개토양중유궤오염물생물유효성적유효방법.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of persistant pollutants which are difficult to degrade and metabolize in the environment and exist widely around the world. They can accumulate in organisms and subsequently translocate, transform and be concentrated in food chain due to their lipophilicity. Some PAHs are carcinogenic and pose great risk to human health. In order to predict their potential risk, it is essential to explore the bioavailability of PAHs in soil. The uptake and acropetal translocation of 14 priority PAHs by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from field-contaminated soils has been investigated. The results indicate that compounds with intermediate to high hydrophobicity such as PAHs can acropetally translocate in plants. The amount of PAHs translocated from roots to aerial tissues has been quantified. Furthermore, a new type of semipermeable membrane-based passive sampler, triolein embedded cellulose acetate membrane (TECAM),was successfully applied to sample PAHs in soils. PAHs in soil sampled by TECAMs reached apparent equilibrium within 48h, significantly saving time for sampling PAHs in soil. The content of PAHs sampled by TECAMs was related to soil organic matter, dissolved organic carbon and the aging time of PAHs in soil. TECAM-accumulated PAHs correlated well with PAHs accumulated in earthworms (Eisenia andrei) and wheat roots (Triticum aestivum L.). Soil-pore water-TECAM three-compartment model was successfully used to describe the overall process of PAH sampling by TECAM from field-contaminated soils. Additionally, TECAM caused minimal disturbance to soil and was easy to deploy. Therefore, TECAM is believed to be a useful tool to sampling hydrophobic organic carbons in soil and predict their bioavailability to earthworms and plants.
