CAJ | 학술논문

为给小麦高产高效栽培技术提供依据,在大田超高产条件下研究了氮磷配施对超高产小麦济麦22花后光合特性及产量的影响.利用LI-6400便携式光合测定仪,采用开放式气路测定了超高产麦田旗叶的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)及蒸腾速率(Tr)等相关指标.结果表明,氮磷配施对超高产小麦花后的光合特性及产量有显著的调节作用,花后各处理小麦旗叶的Pn、Gs、Tr、叶面积指数(LAI)、叶绿素含量(SPAD值)等指标呈下降趋势,但与CK处理比较,施肥处理前期下降缓慢,差异达显著水平,N1P2、N2P2及N2P3处理与对照差异极显著.随着施氮和施磷量的增加,旗叶的Pn、Gs及Tr增强, SPAD值升高, LAI增大.但过高的施肥量(P2O5 225 kg/ha)导致小麦生育后期旗叶衰老加快,光合生理指标衰退迅速,穗粒数和千粒重下降显著,最终导致小麦减产.经统计分析得出,氮肥和磷肥间对Pn、LAI及SPAD值有极显著的互作效应.本试验条件下,超高产麦田的适宜施肥量为N 300 kg/ha和P2O5 150 kg/ha.
위급소맥고산고효재배기술제공의거,재대전초고산조건하연구료담린배시대초고산소맥제맥22화후광합특성급산량적영향.이용LI-6400편휴식광합측정의,채용개방식기로측정료초고산맥전기협적정광합속솔(Pn)、기공도도(Gs)、포간CO2농도(Ci)급증등속솔(Tr)등상관지표.결과표명,담린배시대초고산소맥화후적광합특성급산량유현저적조절작용,화후각처리소맥기협적Pn、Gs、Tr、협면적지수(LAI)、협록소함량(SPAD치)등지표정하강추세,단여CK처리비교,시비처리전기하강완만,차이체현저수평,N1P2、N2P2급N2P3처리여대조차이겁현저.수착시담화시린량적증가,기협적Pn、Gs급Tr증강, SPAD치승고, LAI증대.단과고적시비량(P2O5 225 kg/ha)도치소맥생육후기기협쇠로가쾌,광합생리지표쇠퇴신속,수립수화천립중하강현저,최종도치소맥감산.경통계분석득출,담비화린비간대Pn、LAI급SPAD치유겁현저적호작효응.본시험조건하,초고산맥전적괄의시비량위N 300 kg/ha화P2O5 150 kg/ha.
A field experiment was conducted on super-high-yielding conditions to evaluate the effects of application of phosphorus combined with nitrogen fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics after anthesis and yield in super-high-yielding wheat. The net photosynthesis rate(Pn), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) in super-high-yield wheat were measured using Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system with an open flowgas exchange system. The results indicated that application of phosphorus combined with nitrogen fertilizer adjust greatly photosynthetic characteristics after anthesis in super-high-yielding wheat. Pn、Gs、Tr、leaf area index (LAI) and chlorophyll content (SPAD value) were downtrend after anthesis in wheat, but that of the fertilizer treatments dropped slowly at the early stage compared to the control, and N1P2、N2P2、N2P3 were extremely signifycant than the control. Pn, Gs and Tr were enhanced with the increasing rates of fertilizers, Chl(SPAD value) was increased, and LAI was improved. However, surplus rates of fertilizers(P2O5 225 kg/ha) accelerated the leaf senescence, decreased grains per spike and 1000-grain weight,which leaded to yield reduction.With statistical analysis, application of phosphorus combined with nitrogen fertilizer had extremely significant interaction effects on Pn、LAI、SPAD value and so on. The highest grain yield was observed in the treatment with N 300 kg/ha applied, P 150 kg/ha.