CAJ | 학술논문

土壤入渗能力和降雨产流过程及地下水密切相关.土壤入渗过程决定了灌溉/降雨过程中水分进入土壤的过程,影响了化肥、农药及其他污染物随水分迁移过程以及坡面水文与土壤侵蚀过程等.该研究根据水流在水平土柱中运动的能量要求以及实际测量得到的土壤水分分布,对Green-Ampt模型中含水率分布呈活塞运动推进(即湿润锋内部土壤水分为恒定值)的假定进行了修正.采用更符合实际的呈线性分布的土壤水分分布模型,基于水量平衡和土壤水动力学原理,提出了对应的土壤入渗性能的计算模型.给出了利用修正模型估计土壤入渗性能的方法,计算模型以及计算过程.结果表明,利用修正模型估算得到的土壤入渗性能回归的入渗水量与实际供水量的相对误差为0.66%,说明该修正模型和计算方法具有很高的精度.该文提出的修正模型很好地描述了水分在土壤中的分布,较Green-Ampt入渗模型中的活塞模型更符合土壤水动力学中关于土壤水分运动的分析.将该修正模型与水平土柱试验结合,可以大大地提高土壤入渗性能计算的精度,为以后的土壤水分运动,地表产流计算以及土壤侵蚀等方面的研究提供非常有效的工具.
토양입삼능력화강우산류과정급지하수밀절상관.토양입삼과정결정료관개/강우과정중수분진입토양적과정,영향료화비、농약급기타오염물수수분천이과정이급파면수문여토양침식과정등.해연구근거수류재수평토주중운동적능량요구이급실제측량득도적토양수분분포,대Green-Ampt모형중함수솔분포정활새운동추진(즉습윤봉내부토양수분위항정치)적가정진행료수정.채용경부합실제적정선성분포적토양수분분포모형,기우수량평형화토양수동역학원리,제출료대응적토양입삼성능적계산모형.급출료이용수정모형고계토양입삼성능적방법,계산모형이급계산과정.결과표명,이용수정모형고산득도적토양입삼성능회귀적입삼수량여실제공수량적상대오차위0.66%,설명해수정모형화계산방법구유흔고적정도.해문제출적수정모형흔호지묘술료수분재토양중적분포,교Green-Ampt입삼모형중적활새모형경부합토양수동역학중관우토양수분운동적분석.장해수정모형여수평토주시험결합,가이대대지제고토양입삼성능계산적정도,위이후적토양수분운동,지표산류계산이급토양침식등방면적연구제공비상유효적공구.
The soil infiltrability has a close relationship with overland flow and groundwater, determining the fraction of the irrigation or rain water entering the soil, the transportation of chemicals such as fertilizers, herbicides/pesticides as well as other pollutants,and,thus, affecting the amount of runoff responsible for subsequent soil erosion. Based on the energy principle of water movement in saturated/unsaturated soils and the measured soil water distribution in horizontal soil column, modifications were made to the piston assumption of the soil water distribution in the Green-Ampt infiltration model. The soil water distribution was described by a more realistic linear distribution model. Based on the water/mass balance and the soil water dynamics, a modified mathematic model for soil infiltrability estimation was advanced. The measurement method, algorithm models and procedures were given for estimating soil infiltrability with measured data from horizontal soil column. Comparisons of the cumulative infiltration computed from the estimated infiltrability with the modified method and the total supplied water indicated that the relative error was 0.66%, which demonstrated a very high accuracy of the model and the computational method. The modified model can describe the distribution of the soil water very well which is more suitable to the analyzations in the soil water dynamics than the piston assumption in the Green-Ampt infiltration model. The accuracy can be greatly improved by applying the modified model to the horizontal soil column experiment. This can supply a very useful tool to the relative studies such as the soil water movement analysis, overland flow estimation and soil erosion analysis.