CAJ | 학술논문

[目的]研究7号同源染色体(7A、7B、7D)对小麦光合作用的影响,为今后采用遗传和生理生化手段进行小麦的高光效遗传改良提供一定的理论依据.[方法]以山西农科院温室大棚中种植的小麦中国春及其7A、7B、7D染色体缺失植株N7A、N7B、NTD(美国堪萨斯州立大学B.S.Gill教授提供)为材料,于灌浆初期进行相关指标测定,研究小麦7A、7B、7D染色体对小麦光合特性的影响.光合参数采用TPS-1便携式光合作用测定系统的开放式气路进行测定,荧光参数采用由英国Hansatech科学仪器公司生产的FMS-2便携调制式荧光仪测定.[结果]N7A、N7B在灌浆初期的光合速率、气孔导度、原初光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ的实际光化学效率(ФPS Ⅱ)、PSⅡ的表观电子传递速率(ETR)都明显低于中国春,且差异达显著水平(P＜0.05),N7D的光合速率、气孔导度都明显高于普通小麦中国春,且差异达显著水平(P＜0.05).Fv/Fm、ФPS Ⅱ、ETR也高于中国春,但差异不显著.[结论]7A、7B染色体对光合速率有正效应,与气孔导度和光化学反应(荧光参数)均有关系;7D染色体对光合速率具有负效应,而这种负效应主要与气孔导度有关,与光化学反应(荧光参数)无关.
[목적]연구7호동원염색체(7A、7B、7D)대소맥광합작용적영향,위금후채용유전화생리생화수단진행소맥적고광효유전개량제공일정적이론의거.[방법]이산서농과원온실대붕중충식적소맥중국춘급기7A、7B、7D염색체결실식주N7A、N7B、NTD(미국감살사주립대학B.S.Gill교수제공)위재료,우관장초기진행상관지표측정,연구소맥7A、7B、7D염색체대소맥광합특성적영향.광합삼수채용TPS-1편휴식광합작용측정계통적개방식기로진행측정,형광삼수채용유영국Hansatech과학의기공사생산적FMS-2편휴조제식형광의측정.[결과]N7A、N7B재관장초기적광합속솔、기공도도、원초광화학효솔(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ적실제광화학효솔(ФPS Ⅱ)、PSⅡ적표관전자전체속솔(ETR)도명현저우중국춘,차차이체현저수평(P＜0.05),N7D적광합속솔、기공도도도명현고우보통소맥중국춘,차차이체현저수평(P＜0.05).Fv/Fm、ФPS Ⅱ、ETR야고우중국춘,단차이불현저.[결론]7A、7B염색체대광합속솔유정효응,여기공도도화광화학반응(형광삼수)균유관계;7D염색체대광합속솔구유부효응,이저충부효응주요여기공도도유관,여광화학반응(형광삼수)무관.
[Objective]To study the effects of homologous chromosomes 7(7A, 7B and 7D)on wheat photosynthesis and provide theoretical basis for breeding high photosynthetic efficiency wheat by genetic, physiological and biochemical means.[Method]The Triticum asetivum cultivar Chinese Spring wheat and nullisomic wheat(N7A, N7B and N7D)were planted in greenhouse.The photosynthetic indexes were determined at early filling stage.[Result]The photosynthetic rate(Pn), stomatal conductance(Gs), primary photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm), actual chemical efficiency of photosystem Ⅱ(ФPS Ⅱ)and apparent electron transfer rate of photosystem Ⅱ(ETR)were significantly lower in the NTA and N7B than in the Chinese Spring(P ＜ 0.05).The photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance was significantly lower in the N7D than in the Chinese Spring(P ＜0.05).The Fv/Fm, ФPS Ⅱ, ETR of N7D were higher than that of the Chinese Spring without significant difference.[Conclusion]The homologous chromosomes 7A and 7B have positive effects on photosynthetic rate and have relationship with stomatal conductance and photoreaction(chlorophyll fluorescence parameters).The homologous chrornosome 7D has negative effects on photosynthetic rate, which is mainly related to stomatal conductance rather than photoreaction.