CAJ | 학술논문

Ni2MnGa晶体同时具有强铁磁性、大磁致伸缩、温控和磁控形状记忆效应，其磁控形状记忆效应的响应频率接近压电陶瓷，输出应变和应力接近温控形状记忆合金，是近年来发现的一类新型功能晶体．Ni2MnGa晶体77K时在[001]方向，仅2MPa的预应力即可产生5％的温控可回复应变，已接近TiNi合金6％～8％的可回复应变量；非化学剂量的Ni2MnGa晶体室温条件下在[001]方向，6 kOe外磁场已诱发产生0．31％的输出应变，远超过巨磁致伸缩材料Terfenol-D输出应变0．17％的水平．由于该晶体在磁场控制下表现出的大输出应变和应力，以及响应频率快和可精确控制的综合特性，使其可能在声纳、微位移器、线性马达、微波器件、振动和噪声控制、机器人和智能结构等诸多领域有重要应用，成为未来新一代驱动器和传感器材料．本文综述了Ni2MnGa单晶的基本性能、磁控形状记忆效应的机理、本质以及影响性能的因素等．
Ni2MnGa정체동시구유강철자성、대자치신축、온공화자공형상기억효응，기자공형상기억효응적향응빈솔접근압전도자，수출응변화응력접근온공형상기억합금，시근년래발현적일류신형공능정체．Ni2MnGa정체77K시재[001]방향，부2MPa적예응력즉가산생5％적온공가회복응변，이접근TiNi합금6％～8％적가회복응변량；비화학제량적Ni2MnGa정체실온조건하재[001]방향，6 kOe외자장이유발산생0．31％적수출응변，원초과거자치신축재료Terfenol-D수출응변0．17％적수평．유우해정체재자장공제하표현출적대수출응변화응력，이급향응빈솔쾌화가정학공제적종합특성，사기가능재성납、미위이기、선성마체、미파기건、진동화조성공제、궤기인화지능결구등제다영역유중요응용，성위미래신일대구동기화전감기재료．본문종술료Ni2MnGa단정적기본성능、자공형상기억효응적궤리、본질이급영향성능적인소등．
Ni2MnGa crystal is a new kind of functional material, which exhibits ferromagnetic,magnetostrictive, thermal and magnetically controlled shape memory properties. The nonstoichiometric Ni2MnGa crystal can show a strain of 0.31% along [001] direction in a magnetic field of 6kOe at room temperature; a [001]-directed stress of only 2MPa gives rise to a recoverable strain of 5%. As a kind of future actuator and sensor material, it will possibly be used in many fields, such as sonar, microactuator, linear motor, microwave device, vibration and noise control, robot and functional structure etc. This paper presents the properties of Ni2MnGa crystal, the essential and mechanism of the magnetic-induced martensitic transformation and magnetically controlled shape memory effect. Some factors which may influence the properties of Ni2MnGa are also discussed.