CAJ | 학술논문

南极海洋动物粪氨(NH_3)的挥发与沉降过程是无冰区苔原生态系统氮素重要来源,对维持苔原生态系统的稳定起着重要作用;但目前对于南极典型海洋动物粪氨的挥发过程仍然很少有研究报道.本文通过室内模拟,研究了低温(4 ℃左右)与冻融条件下南极帝企鹅粪、阿德利企鹅粪和海豹粪土氨气产生与排放过程及其影响因素,结果表明:帝企鹅粪氨气排放通量最大,变化范围为0.765-17.4 mg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1),平均通量约为6.26 mg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1);阿德利企鹅粪氨气排放通量变化范围为0.652-3.707 mg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1),平均通量约为1.27 mg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1);而海豹粪土氨气排放通量很小,平均通量约0.141 mg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1).冻融过程对帝企鹅粪氨气排放通量影响很大,而对阿德利企鹅粪影响较小.另外,帝企鹅粪和阿德利企鹅粪氨气排放量在通气条件下明显大于封闭条件, 表明南极野外大风条件下可能加速海洋动物粪氨的挥发过程.本文模拟的结果对于进一步研究南极生物圈氨的挥发过程及其对南极苔原生态系统氮循环的影响具有重要意义.
남겁해양동물분안(NH_3)적휘발여침강과정시무빙구태원생태계통담소중요래원,대유지태원생태계통적은정기착중요작용;단목전대우남겁전형해양동물분안적휘발과정잉연흔소유연구보도.본문통과실내모의,연구료저온(4 ℃좌우)여동융조건하남겁제기아분、아덕리기아분화해표분토안기산생여배방과정급기영향인소,결과표명:제기아분안기배방통량최대,변화범위위0.765-17.4 mg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1),평균통량약위6.26 mg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1);아덕리기아분안기배방통량변화범위위0.652-3.707 mg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1),평균통량약위1.27 mg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1);이해표분토안기배방통량흔소,평균통량약0.141 mg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1).동융과정대제기아분안기배방통량영향흔대,이대아덕리기아분영향교소.령외,제기아분화아덕리기아분안기배방량재통기조건하명현대우봉폐조건, 표명남겁야외대풍조건하가능가속해양동물분안적휘발과정.본문모의적결과대우진일보연구남겁생물권안적휘발과정급기대남겁태원생태계통담순배적영향구유중요의의.
The process of volatilization and deposition of ammonia is an important source of nitrogen in tundra ecosystems of ice-free zone. It also plays an important role in the maintenance of the stability of tundra ecosystem. However, very little work has been done to quantify NH_3 flux from penguin guano and seal excreta. In this study, we simulated low temperature environment which kept penguin guano and seal excreta at about 4 ℃. Data from our experiments showed that Antarctic penguin guano showed high NH_3 flux under low temperature. The NH_3 fluxes of emperor penguin guano and Adélie penguin guano ranged from 0.765 to 17.4 mg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1) (average flux of 6.26 mg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1)) and from 0.652 to 3.707 mg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1) (average flux of 1.27 mg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1)), respectively. Ammonia flux from seal excreta was very small (average flux of 0.141 mg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1)). The process of freezing-thawing had an important impact on NH_3 flux from emperor penguin guano and Adélie penguin guano. In addition, more NH_3 was emitted from emperor penguin guano and Adélie penguin guano under the ventilated conditions than under the closed conditions, indicating that in Antarctic field high wind speed stimulates ammonia emissions from sea animal excreta. The results of this study are of great significance to further study the process of ammonia volatilization and nitrogen cycle of Antarctic tundra ecosystems.