CAJ | 학술논문

基于田间试验的统计分析和SSR分子标记的遗传参数评估,分析了3个玉米人工合成群体GP3、GP4和GP5经4轮控制双亲混合选择的改良效应.结果表明,多数性状在不同群体及不同轮回间存在真实的遗传差异,粒深遗传增益以GP4>GP5>GP3,穗行遗传增益以GP3>GP5>GP4,各个群体C4的粒深、穗行均值都显著或极显著大于CO,直接选择效应显著;株高和穗位高随选择周期增加呈明显增加趋势,且GP4的增幅显著大于GP3和GP5,单株产量及穗粗的遗传增益以GP4大于GP3和GP5,各群体多数产量性状的均值以C4显著大于CO,相关选择效应显著;除株高、穗位高外,其他性状GCA变异群体问差异达显著或极显著水平,GP5多数产量性状的GCA优于GP3和GP4,各群体多数产量性状的GCA效应值随改良进展呈增加趋势,对照优势大于8%的大部分测交组合均为各群体C4所配组合,间接选择效应显著;随改良世代进行,群体部分性状的表型变异系数虽有所减小,但变化幅度不大;基于SSR分子标记估算的群体内遗传相似系数,GP3和GP4改良后代呈略增趋势,GP5变化不大,对于群体基因型数,GP3和GP4随改良代数增加呈略减趋势,GP5呈略增趋势.上述结果说明,适度控制双亲混合选择在有效改良群体的同时,还能较好地保持群体的遗传多样性,但不同基础群体及不同性状间,其改良效应存在一定的差异.
기우전간시험적통계분석화SSR분자표기적유전삼수평고,분석료3개옥미인공합성군체GP3、GP4화GP5경4륜공제쌍친혼합선택적개량효응.결과표명,다수성상재불동군체급불동륜회간존재진실적유전차이,립심유전증익이GP4>GP5>GP3,수행유전증익이GP3>GP5>GP4,각개군체C4적립심、수행균치도현저혹겁현저대우CO,직접선택효응현저;주고화수위고수선택주기증가정명현증가추세,차GP4적증폭현저대우GP3화GP5,단주산량급수조적유전증익이GP4대우GP3화GP5,각군체다수산량성상적균치이C4현저대우CO,상관선택효응현저;제주고、수위고외,기타성상GCA변이군체문차이체현저혹겁현저수평,GP5다수산량성상적GCA우우GP3화GP4,각군체다수산량성상적GCA효응치수개량진전정증가추세,대조우세대우8%적대부분측교조합균위각군체C4소배조합,간접선택효응현저;수개량세대진행,군체부분성상적표형변이계수수유소감소,단변화폭도불대;기우SSR분자표기고산적군체내유전상사계수,GP3화GP4개량후대정략증추세,GP5변화불대,대우군체기인형수,GP3화GP4수개량대수증가정략감추세,GP5정략증추세.상술결과설명,괄도공제쌍친혼합선택재유효개량군체적동시,환능교호지보지군체적유전다양성,단불동기출군체급불동성상간,기개량효응존재일정적차이.
On the basis of statistical analysis of field test and genetic parameters evaluation by Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers, the experiment was conducted with three maize synthetic populations GP3, GP4, and GP5 with mass selection for 4 cycles. The results showed that there existed genetic differences in most traits for the different populations and cycles, and the significant interaction effects between populations with cycles. The genetic gain was GP3<GP5<GP4 in kernel depth and GP3> GP5>GP4 in rows per ear. After 4 cycles of mass selection, there was an obvious increase in the mean kernel depth and rows per ear, which displayed significant direct responses. Plant height and ear height exhibited an increase with selection, and the increase in GP4 was significantly higher than that in GP3 and GP5. The genetic gain of GP4 in yield per plant and ear diameter was higher than that of GP3 and GP5. Compared the cycle C4 with CO, most yield traits were improved for all the populations, which implied a significant correlated response. Excluding plant height and ear height, the differences in GCA were significant for the other traits. The GCA effects of GP5 in most yield traits were higher than those of GP3 and GP4. The population improvement by mass selection resulted in an increase in the GCA effects of most yield traits. Most test-cross combinations, with more than 8% of yield per plant over the check, were derived from the cycle C4 of all the populations, which displayed significant indirect responses to mass selection. For the coefficients of variation in phenotypic traits, there were no obvious changes. For the genetic similarity coefficients of intrapopulation, there were a gradual increase in the derivatives of GP3 and GP4 and no changes in those of GP5. The genotype number in the derivatives of GP3 and GP4 showed a decreasing tendency while a little increases in those of GP5. The results above indicated that populations might be improved effectively and retained a high genetic diversity by mass selection. However, there existed different effects of genetic improvement on different populations and traits.