CAJ | 학술논문

通过田间试验研究了麦季4种稻秆还田方式(不还田、表面覆盖、均匀混施和原位焚烧)对后续稻季CH_4排放的影响,以探讨稻-麦轮作系统中秸秆还田对稻田温室气体排放的后续效应.试验于2007年小麦播种期将4.8 t·hm~(-2)水稻秸秆分别以不同方式还田(不还田处理除外),利用静态箱/气相色谱法对2008年后续稻季CH_4排放进行观测.结果表明,不同麦季稻秆还田方式显著影响后续稻季的CH_4排放.与不施稻秆处理相比,表面覆盖和均匀混施处理后续稻季CH_4排放量增加了75%和40%,且CH_4排放量差异主要体现在水稻生长前期(0-60 d);原位焚烧处理CH_4排放量与稻秆不还田处理相比无显著差异(P>0.05);与不施稻秆处理相比,均匀混施处理显著增加稻季开始前土壤全C质量分数6%和全N质量分数12%(P<0.05);各处理水稻(Oyza sativa L.)产量无显著差异(P>0.05);稻秆麦季均匀混施与表面覆盖相比能在一定程度上抑制后续稻季CH_4排放,同时避免了秸秆焚烧导致的C、N、P等元素的大量损失,是较为合理的麦季稻秆还田方式.
통과전간시험연구료맥계4충도간환전방식(불환전、표면복개、균균혼시화원위분소)대후속도계CH_4배방적영향,이탐토도-맥륜작계통중갈간환전대도전온실기체배방적후속효응.시험우2007년소맥파충기장4.8 t·hm~(-2)수도갈간분별이불동방식환전(불환전처리제외),이용정태상/기상색보법대2008년후속도계CH_4배방진행관측.결과표명,불동맥계도간환전방식현저영향후속도계적CH_4배방.여불시도간처리상비,표면복개화균균혼시처리후속도계CH_4배방량증가료75%화40%,차CH_4배방량차이주요체현재수도생장전기(0-60 d);원위분소처리CH_4배방량여도간불환전처리상비무현저차이(P>0.05);여불시도간처리상비,균균혼시처리현저증가도계개시전토양전C질량분수6%화전N질량분수12%(P<0.05);각처리수도(Oyza sativa L.)산량무현저차이(P>0.05);도간맥계균균혼시여표면복개상비능재일정정도상억제후속도계CH_4배방,동시피면료갈간분소도치적C、N、P등원소적대량손실,시교위합리적맥계도간환전방식.
A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of rice straw returning methods in wheat-growing season including no straw application, rice straw mulched onto the field surface, rice straw burned in-situ and rice straw incorporated into the topsoil, on CH_4 emissions during the following rice-growing season, in order to study the residual effect of straw returning on greenhouse gases emission from rice fields in rice-wheat rotation system. Rice straw was returned to soil by different methods with an equivalent amount at 4.8 t·hm~(-2) (except for no rice straw application) at wheat seeding stage in 2007, CH_4 emission during the following rice-growing season was observed by the static chamber-gas chromatographic techniques in 2008. Results indicated that rice straw returning method during wheat season had significant effects on the CH4 emission from the following rice-growing season. Com-pared with no rice straw application,CH_4 emission was increased by 75% and 40% in rice straw mulched onto the field surface and rice straw incorporated into the topsoil, respectively, where the difference in CH_4 emission between these methods was mainly em-bodied in the early stage of rice growing. No significant difference of CH_4 emission was observed between rice straw burned in-situ and no rice straw application in CH_4 emission. The contents of suil total C and total N were significantly increased by 6% and 12% in rice straw incorporated into the topsoil, compared with no rice straw application. Also, rice yield was not profoundly influenced by rice straw returning method among different treatments. In rice straw incorporated into the topsoil treatment, the contents of soil total C and total N were significantly increased by 6% and 12%, respectively, when compared with no rice straw application. Incorpora-tion of rice straw into the topsoil could be the rational and practicable rice straw returning method prior to wheat cultivation, as this method could decrease CH_4 emission from the following rice-growing season comparing with mulched onto the field surface, and avoid the big losses of beneficial elements such as C、 N and P during straw burning process .