中国地方病学杂志
中國地方病學雜誌
중국지방병학잡지
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ENDEMIOLOGY
2009年
2期
181-183
,共3页
水污染%氟化物%氟中毒,牙%氟骨症
水汙染%氟化物%氟中毒,牙%氟骨癥
수오염%불화물%불중독,아%불골증
Water pollution%Fluorides%Fluorosis,dental%Osteofluorosis
目的 调查2005-2007年陕西省饮用水含氟量和地方性氟中毒病情,评价改水工程降氟效果.方法 根据以往调查资料,在陕西省选择地方性氟中毒病情流行的10个市作为调查地区,以村为调查点,每村按东、西、南、北、中5个方位抽取水源水5份,同时采集每个改水工程水源水1份、出厂水1份和末梢水2份,采用氟离子选择电极法或氟试剂分光光度法测定水氟;在饮用水含氟量>1.00 mg/L的人群中进行地方性氟中毒流行病学调查,采用Dean法进行8～12岁儿童氟斑牙诊断,成人氟骨症按<地方性氟骨症临床分度诊断>(GB16396-1996)诊断.结果 共测定6390个村的水源水含氟量,其中水氟在1.00～<2.00 mg/L的有2619个村,暴露人口为1 654 998人;水氟在2.00～<4.00 mg/L的有845个村,暴露人口为355 623人;水氟≥4.00mg/L的有272个村,暴露人口为111 466人.全省水氟中位数为1.15 mg/L.渭南、咸阳和榆林3个市水氟中位数>1.00 mg/L,为高氟水集中分布的地区.共检测了3115个改水工程水氟,其中水氟在1.00～<2.00 mg/L的有1269个,暴露人口为1 415 877人;水氟在2.00～<4.00 mg/L的有120个,暴露人口为43 888人:水氟≥4.00 mg/L的有14个,暴露人口为5960人.44 081名8～12岁儿童进行氟斑牙临床检查,检出16 489例氟斑牙患者,检出率为37.4%(16 489/44 081);对310 993名成人进行氟骨症临床检查,检出15 877例Ⅱ度以上氟骨症患者,检出率为5.1%(15 877/310 993).结论 高氟水在陕西省广泛分布,地方性氟中毒流行较严重,降氟改水工程质量有待进一步提高.
目的 調查2005-2007年陝西省飲用水含氟量和地方性氟中毒病情,評價改水工程降氟效果.方法 根據以往調查資料,在陝西省選擇地方性氟中毒病情流行的10箇市作為調查地區,以村為調查點,每村按東、西、南、北、中5箇方位抽取水源水5份,同時採集每箇改水工程水源水1份、齣廠水1份和末梢水2份,採用氟離子選擇電極法或氟試劑分光光度法測定水氟;在飲用水含氟量>1.00 mg/L的人群中進行地方性氟中毒流行病學調查,採用Dean法進行8～12歲兒童氟斑牙診斷,成人氟骨癥按<地方性氟骨癥臨床分度診斷>(GB16396-1996)診斷.結果 共測定6390箇村的水源水含氟量,其中水氟在1.00～<2.00 mg/L的有2619箇村,暴露人口為1 654 998人;水氟在2.00～<4.00 mg/L的有845箇村,暴露人口為355 623人;水氟≥4.00mg/L的有272箇村,暴露人口為111 466人.全省水氟中位數為1.15 mg/L.渭南、鹹暘和榆林3箇市水氟中位數>1.00 mg/L,為高氟水集中分佈的地區.共檢測瞭3115箇改水工程水氟,其中水氟在1.00～<2.00 mg/L的有1269箇,暴露人口為1 415 877人;水氟在2.00～<4.00 mg/L的有120箇,暴露人口為43 888人:水氟≥4.00 mg/L的有14箇,暴露人口為5960人.44 081名8～12歲兒童進行氟斑牙臨床檢查,檢齣16 489例氟斑牙患者,檢齣率為37.4%(16 489/44 081);對310 993名成人進行氟骨癥臨床檢查,檢齣15 877例Ⅱ度以上氟骨癥患者,檢齣率為5.1%(15 877/310 993).結論 高氟水在陝西省廣汎分佈,地方性氟中毒流行較嚴重,降氟改水工程質量有待進一步提高.
목적 조사2005-2007년합서성음용수함불량화지방성불중독병정,평개개수공정강불효과.방법 근거이왕조사자료,재합서성선택지방성불중독병정류행적10개시작위조사지구,이촌위조사점,매촌안동、서、남、북、중5개방위추취수원수5빈,동시채집매개개수공정수원수1빈、출엄수1빈화말소수2빈,채용불리자선택전겁법혹불시제분광광도법측정수불;재음용수함불량>1.00 mg/L적인군중진행지방성불중독류행병학조사,채용Dean법진행8～12세인동불반아진단,성인불골증안<지방성불골증림상분도진단>(GB16396-1996)진단.결과 공측정6390개촌적수원수함불량,기중수불재1.00～<2.00 mg/L적유2619개촌,폭로인구위1 654 998인;수불재2.00～<4.00 mg/L적유845개촌,폭로인구위355 623인;수불≥4.00mg/L적유272개촌,폭로인구위111 466인.전성수불중위수위1.15 mg/L.위남、함양화유림3개시수불중위수>1.00 mg/L,위고불수집중분포적지구.공검측료3115개개수공정수불,기중수불재1.00～<2.00 mg/L적유1269개,폭로인구위1 415 877인;수불재2.00～<4.00 mg/L적유120개,폭로인구위43 888인:수불≥4.00 mg/L적유14개,폭로인구위5960인.44 081명8～12세인동진행불반아림상검사,검출16 489례불반아환자,검출솔위37.4%(16 489/44 081);대310 993명성인진행불골증림상검사,검출15 877례Ⅱ도이상불골증환자,검출솔위5.1%(15 877/310 993).결론 고불수재합서성엄범분포,지방성불중독류행교엄중,강불개수공정질량유대진일보제고.
Objectives To investigate fluoride in drinking waters and fluorosis status and evaluate the effectiveness of fluoride-reducing projects in Shaanxi Province from 2005 to 2007. Methods In the Shaanxi province-wide, the 10 endemic areas of fluorosis were chosen according to historical data as focusing areas for investigation. The village was considered as investigation spot, 5 water samples were collected from each village for investigating of fluoride content. Four water samples were collected from each fluoride-reducing project for evaluating its effectiveness. Fluoride concentrations in drinking water were measured by fluoride-selective electrode method or speetrophotometry. When fluoride content in drinking water was greater than 1.00 mg/L, the epidemical study wasd conducted to investigate fluorosis patients, focusing on investigating of dental fluorosis prevalence in 8 to 12-year-old children and skeletal fluorosis prevalence in adults. Dental fluorosis of children was diagnosed by using Dean's method, and adult skeletal fluorosis was diagnosed according to National Standard for Clinical Diagnosis of Endemic Skeletal Fiuorosis(GB 16396-1996). Results The fluoride content in drinking water from 6390 villages was measured. The fluoride content of drinking water of 2619 villages ranged from 1.0 to<2.0 mg/L, where 1 654 998 people exposed. Additionally, the fluoride content of water of 845 villages ranged from 2.0 to<4.0 mg/L, where 355 623 people exposed. Moreover, the fluoride contents of water of 272 villages exceeded 4.0 mg/L, where 111 466 people exposed. The median of fluoride content in drinking water was 1.15% in the whole province, and fluoride content in drinking water exceeded 1.00 mg/L in Weinan, Xianyang and Yulin where were concentrated distribution areas of high fluoride water. Among 3115 fluoride-reducing projects, the fluoride content of drinking water of 1269 projects ranged from 1.0 to<2.0 mg/L, where 1 415 877 people exposed. Additionally, the fluoride content of drinking water of 120 projects ranged from 2.0 to<4.0 mg/L, where 43 888 people exposed. Moreover, the fluoride content of drinking water of 14 projects exceeded 4.0 mg/L, where 5960 people exposed. The detectable rate of dental fluorosis of 8 to 12 year-old children and skeletal fluorosis of adults reached 37.4%(16 489/44 081) and 5.1%(15 877/310 993), respectively. Conclusions The widely distribution of high-fluoride in drinking water still contributes to the prevalence of fluorosis in Shaanxi Province. The quality of fluoride-reducing projects should be further improved.
