遗传
遺傳
유전
HEREDITAS(BEIJING)
2001年
2期
167-172
,共6页
RNA干涉%双链RNA%基因沉默
RNA榦涉%雙鏈RNA%基因沉默
RNA간섭%쌍련RNA%기인침묵
双链RNA介导的遗传干涉的机制是1998年发现的。它通过双链RNA的介导特异性地降解相应序列的mRNA,从而导致转录后水平的基因沉默。到目前为止在真菌、拟南芥、线虫、锥虫、水螅、涡虫、果蝇、斑马鱼、小鼠等真核生物中都发现存在这一基因沉默机制。目前的研究表明,RNA干涉与植物中的共抑制(cosuppression)、真菌中的基因压制(quelling)很可能具有共同的基本分子机制。这也说明,很可能在进化的很早期阶段,生物就获得了这种机制。RNA干涉对于抵抗病毒入侵、抑制转座子活动等具有重要作用,对于生物体的发育和基因调控可能也有重要作用。
雙鏈RNA介導的遺傳榦涉的機製是1998年髮現的。它通過雙鏈RNA的介導特異性地降解相應序列的mRNA,從而導緻轉錄後水平的基因沉默。到目前為止在真菌、擬南芥、線蟲、錐蟲、水螅、渦蟲、果蠅、斑馬魚、小鼠等真覈生物中都髮現存在這一基因沉默機製。目前的研究錶明,RNA榦涉與植物中的共抑製(cosuppression)、真菌中的基因壓製(quelling)很可能具有共同的基本分子機製。這也說明,很可能在進化的很早期階段,生物就穫得瞭這種機製。RNA榦涉對于牴抗病毒入侵、抑製轉座子活動等具有重要作用,對于生物體的髮育和基因調控可能也有重要作用。
쌍련RNA개도적유전간섭적궤제시1998년발현적。타통과쌍련RNA적개도특이성지강해상응서렬적mRNA,종이도치전록후수평적기인침묵。도목전위지재진균、의남개、선충、추충、수실、와충、과승、반마어、소서등진핵생물중도발현존재저일기인침묵궤제。목전적연구표명,RNA간섭여식물중적공억제(cosuppression)、진균중적기인압제(quelling)흔가능구유공동적기본분자궤제。저야설명,흔가능재진화적흔조기계단,생물취획득료저충궤제。RNA간섭대우저항병독입침、억제전좌자활동등구유중요작용,대우생물체적발육화기인조공가능야유중요작용。
The mechanism of a new phenomenon——genetic interference directed by double-stranded RNA was first discovered in 1998 by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello. It degrades mRNA specifically and potently through the mediation of corresponding double-stranded RNA and leads to post-transcriptional gene silencing. Consequently RNA interference was observed is eukaryotic organisms including fungi, Arabidopsis,C. elegans, trypanosomes, hydra, planaria, Drosophila, zabrafish, and mouse. More and more evidence supports that RNAi,co-suppression in plants, and quelling in fungi shares the same basic molecular mechanism. It indicates that this mechanism was acquired during early evolution. RNAi plays important roles in resistance to virus invasion, and inhibition of transportable elements. And it is very likely that RNAi is also important during the normal development and regulation of gene expression.