CAJ | 학술논문

目的为了提高临床输血的安全性,探讨核酸检测(NAT)与酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)技术在血液筛查工作中的互补特性.方法对2007年6月至2008年3月采集的无偿献血者标本共计45 022例用ELISA血清学检测方法对血液传染性指标HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-HIV、梅毒螺旋体、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)进行检测,各项指标均正常的标本用NAT技术检测,以研究2种检测方法的互补性.结果 45 022例标本中血清学检测及ALT不合格人数共计803例,不合格率为1.98%.对各项检测指标合格的36 806例标本进行核酸检测,结果HBV-DNA呈阳性3例.HBV-RNA、HIV-RNA均未检出.结论 NAT与ELISA的血液筛查检测互补作用主要体现在3个方面:1)病理生理过程互补,检测窗口期的长短主要由检测对象的生理属性来决定,而非检测方法缺陷.2)检测方法学互补,由于检测方法学的不同使得NAT技术的检测灵敏度明显高于ELISA血清学检测方法.3)影响各自实验的错误发生各不相同.
목적 위료제고림상수혈적안전성,탐토핵산검측(NAT)여매련면역흡부시험(ELISA)기술재혈액사사공작중적호보특성.방법 대2007년6월지2008년3월채집적무상헌혈자표본공계45 022례용ELISA혈청학검측방법대혈액전염성지표HBsAg、항-HCV、항-HIV、매독라선체、병안산안기전이매(ALT)진행검측,각항지표균정상적표본용NAT기술검측,이연구2충검측방법적호보성.결과 45 022례표본중혈청학검측급ALT불합격인수공계803례,불합격솔위1.98%.대각항검측지표합격적36 806례표본진행핵산검측,결과HBV-DNA정양성3례.HBV-RNA、HIV-RNA균미검출.결론 NAT여ELISA적혈액사사검측호보작용주요체현재3개방면:1)병리생리과정호보,검측창구기적장단주요유검측대상적생리속성래결정,이비검측방법결함.2)검측방법학호보,유우검측방법학적불동사득NAT기술적검측령민도명현고우ELISA혈청학검측방법.3)영향각자실험적착오발생각불상동.
Objective To investigate the complementarity of ELISA and nucleic acid amplification test(NAT)in blood screening,and to improve the security of clinieal blood transfusion.Methods A total of 45 022 blood samples from the blood donors without payment from June 2007to March 2008 were enrolled in the study.ELISA was applied to determining HBsAg,anti-HCV,anti-HIV,anti-treponema pallidum(anti-TP)and ALT,and then the normal samples for the above parameters(serologically negative for HBsAg.anti-HCV, anti-HIV,anti-TP and ALT)were detected with NAT.The complementarity of ELISA and NAT was analyzed.Results Totally 803 cases(1.98%)were unqualified(serologically positive)out of the 45 022 blood samples.The qualified 36 806samples were further detected with NAT.The results showed 3 cases were HBV-DNA positive,but none was positive for HBV-RNA and HIV-RNA.Conclusion The complementary action of ELISA and NAT is due to different window phase for detected subjects,technological difference and different influencing factors.